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Evolution and Agents of Evolution

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Evolution and Agents of Evolution Chapters 2 and 17 Origin of Species Special creation- each of the different kinds of organisms were created in their present form. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Evolution and Agents of Evolution


1
Evolution and Agents of Evolution
  • Chapters 2 and 17

2
Origin of Species
  • Special creation- each of the different kinds of
    organisms were created in their present form.
  • Inheritance of acquired characteristics- the
    modifications an organism acquires during its
    lifetime can be passed along to its offspring.

3
Figure 17.1
4
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5
Charles Darwin- 1831 HMS Beagle
6
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7
Observations by Darwin in the Galápagos
  • Two Important Observations
  • 1) Plants and animals on the island were similar
    to those on the nearby mainland.
  • 2) Phenotypic variation occured between organisms
    from island to island.

8
Darwin repeatedly emphasized two points in his
book.
  • Species evolve from other species. He termed this
    "descent with modification"
    Evolution
  • The mechanism or driving force of evolution is
    Natural Selection

9
Darwin cited the following in support of Natural
Selection
  • Variation occurs in every group of plants and
    animals.
  • All organisms have the potential to
    over-reproduce.
  • Natural resources are limited.
  • Only the most adapted to the local environment
    survive and pass along traits to the next
    generation.

10
Darwin's own sketches of Galápagos finches. (1)
Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris(2)
Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis(3) Small
tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus (4) Warbler
finch Certhidea olivacea
11
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12
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13
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14
Agents of Evolution
  • Mutation
  • Migration
  • Genetic Drift
  • Nonrandom Mating
  • Selection

15
Mutation- a change in the DNA sequence.
16
Migration- the movement of individuals between
populations.
17
Genetic Drift- the random change of allele
frequencies.
18
Nonrandom mating- individuals with certain
genotypes mate with one another more commonly
than would be expected on a random basis.
19
Natural Selection- the process by which
individuals that are better adapted than others
in meeting the challenges of their habitat
produce more offspring.
  • Three Types of Natural Selection
  • Stabilizing
  • Disruptive
  • Directional

20
Stabilizing Selection
21
Disruptive Selection
22
Directional Selection
23
Evolutions Critics
  • Chapter 17

24
Argument 1
  • Evolution if not solidly demonstrated.
  • Evolution is just a theory.

25
Argument 2-There are no fossil intermediates.
26
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27
Argument 3
  • The intelligent design argument.
  • The organs of living creatures are too complex
    for a random process to have produced.

28
Takechi Kuratani 2010.
29
Argument 4
  • Evolution Violates the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

30
Argument 5
  • Proteins are too improbable.

Oct. 5th
31
Argument 6
  • Natural Selection does not imply evolution.

32
Argument 7
  • Life could not have evolved in water.

33
Irreducible Complexity- Michael Behe
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