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The High Renaissance in Italy: Da Vinci

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Papal Rome Leonardo da Vinci LEONARDO DA VINCI, Madonna of the Rocks, from San Francesco Grande, Milan, Italy 1483*. Oil on wood (transferred to canvas) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The High Renaissance in Italy: Da Vinci


1
The High Renaissance in Italy Da Vinci Raphael
2
  • High Renaissance culmination of the Renaissance
    goals
  • No more pondering art of antiquity used these
    skills to go THEIR OWN WAY

3
  • Leonardo da Vinci superb master of line,
    pioneer of sfumato, inventor, naturalist, and
    painter of the souls intent.
  • Raphael younger master painter who incorporated
    elements of Leonardo and Michelangelo into his
    own unique style.
  • TomorrowMichelangelo!

4
What happened to Florence?
  • Lorenzo de Medici the magnificent - died in
    1492
  • Savonarola
  • Many were willing to listen to him, and the
    powerful Medici were expelled
  • Artists then fled to Rome

5
Papal Rome
  • High Renaissance centered in Papal ROME
  • Due to wealthy patronage
  • previously in Florence
  • Patrons of the arts
  • Wealthy, private individuals
  • Very wealthy families
  • Pope Julius II (ALL popes pretty much tried to
    outdo each other in commissioning grand works of
    art)

6
Leonardo da Vinci
  • Italian Renaissance Man
  • a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor,
    anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect,
    botanist, musician and writer
  • Invented a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar
    power, a calculator, and outlined a rudimentary
    theory of plate tectonics
  • Studied human anatomy (which was ILLEGAL unless
    you were a doctor!)
  • Primarily known as a painter trained in Florence
    (worked in other locations)

7
LEONARDO DA VINCI, Madonna of the Rocks, from San
Francesco Grande, Milan, Italy 1483. Oil on wood
(transferred to canvas) 6 6 1/2 x 4. Louvre,
Paris.
7
8
  • Pyramidal composition
  • Chiaroscuro
  • Atmospheric perspective
  • 2 versions of this paintingoriginally as an
    altarpiece for the Confraternity in Milan but
    sold it first to the French King. Then he made a
    second to deliver.

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10
LEONARDO DA VINCI, Last Supper, ca. 14951498.
Oil and tempera on plaster, 13 9 x 29 10.
Refectory, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
11
1 point perspectivemanipulates the viewer and
also places Jesus at the vanishing point (he
soon will vanish)
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13
Sforza coat of arms
14
The Last Supper (1498)
  • Acclaimed as a masterpiece of design and
    characterization
  • Deteriorated rapidly, so that within 60 years it
    was described by Vasari as already ruined
  • WHY???
  • Leonardo, did not use fresco but instead used
    tempera over gessoa surface which has been
    subject to mold and flaking

15
P
John
Judas
Triangle
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DRAMA!
18
  • Number 3the Holy Trinity.
  • The Apostles are seated in groupings of three
  • There are three windows behind Jesus
  • The shape of Jesus' figure resembles a triangle
  • Controversies
  • John is actually Mary Magdalene
  • The bread on the table is placed like musical
    notes and its a composition

19
  • LEONARDO DA VINCI,
  • Mona Lisa,
  • ca. 15031505.
  • Oil on wood,
  • 2 6 1/4 x 1 9.
  • Louvre, Paris

20
The Mona Lisa"la Gioconda-Lisa Gherardini del
Giocondo
  • Ambiguity of the sitter's expression
  • Sfumato (smoky varnish) and atomspheric
    perspective
  • One of the 1st to depict the sitter before an
    imaginary landscape.
  • Was stolen in 1911, doused with acid in 1956, and
    a rock was thrown at it that same year

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  • represents an ideal
  • rather than a real woman
  • Sense of overall harmony Link connecting
    humanity and nature

Position of hands virtuous and faithful
23
  • Taken out of its frame at one point
  • It warped and a crack happened
  • She is now behind bullet-proof glass

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Leonardo da VinciGinevra de' Benci, c.
1474-1478oil on panel15.3 14.4 National
Gallery of Art, Washington
  • Extremely intelligent, aristocratic young lady
    (about 17 yrs.)
  • Marriage portrait
  • Arms/hands missing

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  • Beauty adorns Virtue
  • Italian word for juniper is "ginepro"
  • Juniper symbol for chastity

29
Vitruvian Man c. 1490 Ink 13.5 x 95/8 Venice
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Leonardo da Vinci Virgin and Saint Anne with the
Christ Child and Young John the Baptist c.1500,
charcoal heightened with white on brown paper 55
½ x 41 The National Gallery, London
32
large drawing or cartoon full-size preparatory
study for a painting. Never been used to transfer
a design onto a panel. Chiaroscuro! Contrast of
light and dark (moves your eye)
33
LEONARDO DA VINCI, The Fetus and Lining of the
Uterus, ca. 15111513. wash, over red chalk and
traces of black chalk on paper, 1 8 5/8.
Royal Library, Windsor Castle.
34
Raphael
  • One of the trifecta of High Ren. Artists
  • Moved from Urbino, to Florence to Rome
  • Commission for the School of Athens at the
    Vatican is his largest and most well-known
  • Was a playboy
  • Not as influential in his own time
  • But did influence 17th-19th C. art

35
Raphael The Small Cowper Madonna c. 1505 Oil on
wood 23 3/8 x 17 3/8 National Gallery of Art,
Washington DC
36
The Raphael Roomsor Stanze at the Vatican
  • Most famous room is the Stanza della Segnatura
    (popes library)
  • regarded as his greatest masterpiece, containing
    The School of Athens, The Parnassus and the
    Disputa (group of 4 paintings)
  • Depicts distinct themes of knowledge -
    Philosophy, Poetry (including Music), Theology,
    Law
  • Raphael was clearly influenced by Michelangelo's
    Sistine Chapel ceiling

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38
Raphael, The School of Athens, fresco in the
Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome c.
1510-1511 19 x 27
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40
The School of Athens (1509-1510)
  • Depicts theme of knowledge PHILOSPHY
  • Most of the Greek philosophers are depicted in
    the painting
  • variety of human figures
  • "mental states by physical actions
  • grouped in a "polyphony" unlike anything in
    earlier art

41
Perspective Architecture
  • center of the fresco is the vanishing point
    between the two main subjects
  • Plato on the left
  • Aristotle, his student, on the right
  • The two central figures gesture along different
    dimensions
  • --Plato vertically abstract world of ideas
  • Aristotleoutward, palm downobserve natural
    world
  • Bramante helped Raphael with the architecture in
    the painting

42
Plato
Aristotle
43
Michelangelo as Heraclitus (melancholy
Philosopher)added after.
44
EuclidGreek mathematician (geometry)
45
PythagorasGreek mathematician (geometry)
46
Apolloreason
Minervawisdom
47
Self-portrait
48
Read about me on page 667!
49
Portrait of a Young Woman (La fornarina) Raphael 1
518-1519 Oil on wood
Myrtle reference to Venus
Armband reads Raphael
50
TOMORROW!
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