Childhood Psychopathology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Childhood Psychopathology

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Childhood Psychopathology Nature and etiology of childhood disorders Sources of learning problems and mental retardation Teratogens 1. Smoking 2. LSD – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Childhood Psychopathology


1
Childhood Psychopathology
  • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders
  • Sources of learning problems and mental
    retardation
  • Teratogens
  • 1. Smoking
  • 2. LSD
  • 3. Ethanol (alcohol)

2
Childhood Psychopathology
  • 4. Caffeine - no convincing evidence
  • 5. Drugs
  • 6. Thalidomide
  • 7. Diethylstibestrol (DES)

3
Childhood Psychopathology
  • 8. Aspirin possibly
  • 9. Heavy metals
  • Lead, Mercury
  • 10. AIDS/HIV

4
Smoking
  • Smoking
  • 1. CO increase
  • Nicotine yields vasoconstriction
  • Tar (particular matter of smoke)
  • Cyanide
  • Lead
  • Global toxic elements

5
  • LSD Use
  • Jacobsen and Berlin (1972)
  • 140 women used LSD prior/during pregnancy
  • 148 pregnancies yields 83 live births
  • Many gross abnormalities
  • LSD use in first trimester yields 43 miscarriage
  • Of 83 live births, 8 had defects
  • Abortions 65 (12 spontaneous, 53 therapeutic)

6
Ethanol
  • Small amount used early in pregnancy can yield
    problems in development
  • Drinking more than two drinks per day, more than
    one day per week
  • Drinking five or more drinks per setting
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome first recognized in France
    in the 1950s
  • Later recognized in the United States

7
Ethanol
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
  • 80 of normal size
  • Decreased intellectual functioning
  • Behavioral problems
  • Hippocampal region impact noted on animal studies
  • Distinctive appearance

8
Ethanol
  • Distinctive appearance
  • Narrow eye openings
  • Flattened grove between upper lip and nose
  • Up turned nose
  • Thin upper lip, lack of cupids bow

9
Ethanol
  • Twelve year follow-up of FAS
  • 11 children
  • 2 dead
  • 4 Borderline IQ
  • 4 Severe IQ problems

10
Ethanol
  • Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE)
  • Milder but still demonstrable syndrome
  • Alcohol Related Neurological Disease (ARND)
  • Ethanol appears to affect the development of the
    corpus callosum

11
Other Agents
  • Chemical agents - gasoline fumes
  • Heavy metals
  • Definitely Van Halen
  • Cadmium
  • Lead
  • Sources include air, smoke, paint
  • Heat - Hot tubs?

12
Childhood Psychopathology
  • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders
  • Teratogens - More detailed description
  • Radiation
  • Diet

13
Childhood Psychopathology
  • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders
  • Teratogens - Other sources
  • Toxoplasmosis (parasitic source)
  • Spermicidal Foams
  • Birth defects 2.2 times expected rate
  • Miscarriage 1.5 times expected rate

14
Childhood Psychopathology
  • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders
  • Teratogens - Other sources
  • Viral agents
  • Rubella (German Measles)
  • Cytomegaloviri
  • Herpes
  • Slow viral agents

15
Childhood Psychopathology
  • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders
  • Teratogens - Other sources
  • HIV exposure for mother
  • Yields HIV for child
  • Doesnt always yield AIDS?
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