Nonverbal Communication - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nonverbal Communication

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Title: Nonverbal Communication


1
Nonverbal Communication
  • The World Beyond Words

2
What is Nonverbal Communication?
  • Messages expressed by nonlinguistic means.
  • Includes silent behaviors, environment,
    artifacts, and vocal intonation
  • Is a powerful mode of communication

3
Characteristics/Principles of Nonverbal
Communication
4
All Behavior hasCommunicative Value
  • Because we cannot not communicate
  • May be intentional, but is often unconscious
  • Although were always sending messages through
    our nonverbals, these messages arent always
    received.
  • We especially pay attention to nonverbals when
    they contradict verbal communication.

5
Nonverbal Communication is Primarily Relational
  • Responsiveness
  • Communicates our interest in others
    communication
  • Women are generally more responsive than men
  • People in lower-power positions tend to be better
    at reading nonverbals
  • Liking Positive or negative feelings about
    others
  • Power
  • Touch
  • Violence and Abuse
  • Space
  • Silence

6
(A little more about the relational nature of
nonverbals)
  • Nonverbals are especially important
  • For identity management
  • In defining our relationships (e.g., level of
    intimacy)
  • For expressing emotions we dont want to express,
    cant express, or dont know were feeling

7
NonverbalCommunicationis Ambiguous
  • The same nonverbal can have multiple meanings
  • For example
  • Im feeling content smiles
  • Im feeling a little stressed smiles
  • Im a bit sad smiles
  • I cant believe you just did that smiles
  • How do I get out of this conversation? smiles

8
Nonverbal Communication Reflects Cultural Values
  • Some Examples
  • Space
  • Americans tend to value more personal space than
    many other cultures
  • Men tend to value more personal space than women
  • Touch (Knapp, 1972)
  • Americans 2 touches per hour
  • British 0 touches per hour
  • Parisians 110 touches per hour
  • Puerto Ricans 180 touches per hour
  • Eye-Contact
  • In North-America frankness, assertiveness,
    honesty
  • In many Asian and northern-European countries
    abrasive disrespectful
  • In Brazil more intense eye-contact is the norm

9
Nonverbal Communication (Continued)
10
The Interplay Between Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication
  • Repeating
  • Your nonverbals simply repeat what youve said
  • Substituting
  • Your nonverbals replace language
  • Emblems (e.g., nodding)
  • Complementing Accenting
  • Your nonverbals add depth and meaning to your
    language
  • Illustrators/Affect displays
  • Regulating
  • Your nonverbals help regulate the conversation
  • Contradicting
  • You say one thing, but your nonverbals say another

11
Different Types of Nonverbal Communication
12
Face and Eyes
  • Over 1000 distinct facial expressions
  • Eyes can be especially expressive
  • Windows to the soul
  • Men and women have been found to be equally
    expressive
  • Men show the most emotion in the lower left
    quadrant of their face
  • Women show emotion over their whole face

13
Body Movement/Kinesics
  • Body posture
  • Gestures
  • Manipulators/Fidgeting
  • An aside

14
Touch
  • Touching is considered essential and therapeutic
  • Touching can influence liking and compliance
  • Is used to show intimacy or power/control
  • People with high status touch others/invade
    others spaces more than people with lower status

15
Voice/Paralanguage
  • Consists of vocal tone, speed, pitch, volume,
    number and length of pauses, and disfluencies
    (ums, ahs), etc.
  • Paralanguage tends to be more powerful than
    language
  • Affects how others perceive us
  • Stereotyping (e.g., accents, vocabulary, grammar
  • Influenced by culture, gender, class
    (intentionally or unintentionally)
  • An illustration

16
  • Try saying You love me to convey the following
    meanings
  • You really do? I hadnt realized that.
  • That ploy wont work. I told you were through.
  • You couldnt possibly love me after what you did!
  • Me? Im the one you love?
  • You? I didnt think you loved anyone.

17
Silence
  • Can communicate contentment, awkwardness, anger,
    respect, thoughtfulness, empathy
  • Can also be disconfirming

18
Space/Proxemics
  • Personal Space
  • Intimate distance
  • Personal distance
  • Social distance
  • Public distance
  • Barrier behaviors and territory

You are here
19
Time/Chronemics
  • Our use of time reflects
  • Power/status
  • Cultural norms
  • Expectations
  • Interpersonal priorities

20
Physical Appearance
  • Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
  • We tend to notice obvious things first (gender,
    race), then note attractiveness
  • Physically attractive people generally are
    perceived better
  • Importance placed on physical appearance can be
    very damaging
  • Its what we do with it thats most important

21
Artifacts
  • Include clothing, jewelry, personal belongings,
    accessories, etc.
  • Communicate economic level, educational level,
    trustworthiness, social position, level of
    sophistication, economic background, social
    background, educational background, level of
    success, moral character, masculinity/femininity,
    cultural background
  • Important part of first impressions

22
Environment
  • Communicates something about you
  • We surround ourselves with things that are
    important/meaningful to us
  • Use artifacts to define our territory
  • Can influence interactions
  • How people use an environment communicates
    something about them

23
Some Guidelines for Improving Nonverbal
Communication
24
  • Monitor Your Nonverbal Communication
  • Be Tentative When Interpreting Others Nonverbal
    Communication
  • Nonverbals are personal and ambiguous
  • Personal Qualifications
  • Take responsibility for your interpretations
  • Use I language to check your perceptions of
    nonverbals
  • Contextual Qualifications
  • Be aware of how the context might be influencing
    others nonverbals
  • Be aware of how different cultural norms might
    influence others nonverbals
  • Be careful not to jump to conclusions based on
    your own cultural norms
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