FABRIC CONSTRUCTION

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FABRIC CONSTRUCTION

• Weaving
• Knitting
• Nonwoven/Felting

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FABRIC TERMS
Lengthwise grainstrongest grain, also called the
warp yarns, runs parallel to the selvage
Selvageswoven edges of fabric, runs parallel to
lengthwise grain
Crosswise grain weaker grain, runs parallel to
cut or torn edge and perpendicular to the
lengthwise grain also called the weft yarns
Biasa diagonal line of direction running between
the lengthwise and crosswise grains of fabric
Cut or Torn edge runs parallel to the crosswise
grain
Fabric foldcreated when selvages or cut edges
are brought together.
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PLAIN WEAVE
Over one, under one
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PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS
BASKET
Two over, two under
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PLAIN WEAVE VARIATION
PILE WEAVE
CUT PILE
UNCUT PILE
Terry Cloth
Corduroy
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TWILL FABRIC WEAVE
Over two, under two but staggering beginning
threads to form a diagonal line.
Denim
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SATIN WEAVE
Under one, over four or more creating floats
with weft yarns
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SATIN WEAVE VARIATION
Sateen Weave
Floats on warp yarns
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SATIN WEAVE VARIATION
JACQUARD WEAVE
Computer weaving that creates multiple patterns
in a fabric. Floats can be seen on wrong side of
fabric.
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KNITTING
Constructing fabric with one yarn and one set (2)
of needles right side is flat (knit), wrong side
is bumpy (pearl).
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FELTING
Nonwoven fabric made by pressing fibers together
with moisture, heat, and pressure. Nonwoven
fabrics have no grainlines. Earliest type of
fabric made.
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Coloring Fabric
Before Construction Yarn Dying
After Construction
Printing
Color the same on front and back
After Construction Piece Dying
Color different on front and back
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FABRIC WEAVE ID ASSIGNMENT

1. Pick up one of each of the fabric samples on the
   cutting table and a magnifying glass.
2. Use the magnifying glass to identify the weave or
   construction method of each fabric sample.
3. Cut samples to fit dotted lines on sample card.
   (2 x 2)
4. Glue into place.
5. Place completed card in wire basket.
6. Return magnifying glass to tote tray.

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Period______ Score________
FABRIC QUIZ
4. On what part of the fabric would you place a
pattern piece so you dont have a seam?
2. Which grain is the strongest grain and
should run vertical on the body?
9. Name 2 ways color is added to fabric.
7. What are 3 methods for constructing fabric?
8. Identify each of the three basic fabric
weaves pictured.
3. Which part of fabric has the most stretch?
6. The woven edge of the fabric is the
_____________________.

1. Label the parts of fabric the arrows are pointing
   to.

Name___________________________________
5. The crosswise grain is perpendicular to what
grain?