Ethiopia

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Ethiopia
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Main Ethnic Groups
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Some History

• The earliest evidence around 1000BC when the
  Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon.
• The imperial family of Ethiopia claims its origin
  directly from the offspring of the Queen of Sheba
  by King Solomon.
• First recorded kingdom in Ethiopia grew around
  Axum during the 3rd century BC.

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• Christianity adopted when the king was converted
  around 330 AD an ancient and unique form of
  Christianity
• Continuous conflict with the expanding Islamic
  movement, ultimately with the Ottoman Empire

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In 1916, Haile Selassie, born Prince Ras Tafari
Makonnen, was proclaimed Emperor in 1930

• Mussolini invaded, 1936,
• (the League of Nations did nothing)
• Expelled by Ethiopians and Brits in 1941
• Eritrian situation
• Under UK control
• Joined with Ethiopia in a Federation in 1952
• Annexed outright in 1962
• Guerrilla war breaks out
• Independence in 1991
• Warfare with Ethiopia on and off ever since

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• Highly inequitable pattern of development for
  many years
• 1974 a social revolution and a group of junior
  army officers led by Mengistu Haile Miriam
  imposed a military Marxist dictatorship.
• Expelled Americans
• Some radical reforms
• Somalis invade to reclaim Ogaden
• USSR Cuba back Ethiopia
• U.S. backs Somalia

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• Radicalization under Mengistu
• People's committees tried to control the
  everyday peoples lives
• Many people were forcibly moved in an attempt to
  counter famine.
• Conscription into the army called on ever man
  from 18 to 70 years old.
• Mengistu left in 1991
• Reasonable internal stability since 1991
• Development record very weak

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Basic Information on Ethiopia

• Demographic
• Population 79.1 million (2007)
• Population Growth Rate 2.9 per annum
• (Doubling every 24 years)
• Fertility Rate 5.3 children per woman
• Life Expectancy 53 years
• Human Development Index
• 1985 .311 1995 .347 2005 .406
• Rank in World 169
• Rank in Africa 30

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Economic Indicators

• GDP per capita (PPP) in 2005 1,055
• GDP per capita (PPP) Africa 1,998
• GDP Growth rate, per capita, 2000-2007 1.5
  p.a.
• Arable land per person 1.7 hectares
• Arable land as of total 13
• Gini Coefficient .30 (among the most equal in
  the world)

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• Exports 1.28 billion or about 16.20 per
  inhabitant
• Manufactured Exports as of Total 13
• for Africa 34
• Development Assistance as of GDP 17.3
• for Africa 5.1