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Early Astronomers

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Early Astronomers Tycho Brahe Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Nicholas Copernicus Edmund Halley Sir Isaac Newton Nicholas Copernicus Polish 1473-1543 Concluded ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Early Astronomers


1
Early Astronomers
  • Tycho Brahe
  • Galileo Galilei
  • Johannes Kepler
  • Nicholas Copernicus
  • Edmund Halley
  • Sir Isaac Newton

2
Nicholas CopernicusPolish 1473-1543
  • Concluded Earth was a planet
  • Developed the theory that Earth moves around the
    Sun with the other planets. Model of the solar
    system with the Sun at the center
  • He couldnt prove his theory
  • Used circles to predict the orbits of the
    planets, so the planets orbits strayed from
    predicted positions

3
Tycho BraheDanish 1546-1601
  • Persuaded King Fredrick the II to build an
    observatory in Copenhagen before telescopes were
    invented (used his eyesight)
  • Designed and built instruments (astrolabes and
    quadrants) to accurately measure locations of
    heavenly bodies.
  • Observed a supernova (exploding star)
  • Observations, especially of Mars, were far more
    precise than any previously made.

4
Galileo GalileiItalian 1564-1642
  • Made improvements to the telescope 3 times
    magnification to look at the moon, sun and
    planets out to Saturn
  • Discovered the moon has mountains and craters,
    the Sun has sunspots, planets were circular
    discs, not points of light, Venus has phases like
    the moon and that 4 moons (satellites) orbit
    Jupiter
  • Catholic church believed his theories went
    against the bible.

5
Johannes KeplerGerman 1571-1630
  • Discovered 3 laws of planetary motion using
    Brahes data of Mars while working as his
    assistant.
  • The path of each planet around the sun is an
    ellipse
  • Planets travel more rapidly as they near the Sun
    and slow as they become more distant
  • Planets orbital period squared is equal to its
    mean solar distance cubed (T2 d3). Solar
    distances of planets can be calculated

6
Sir Isaac NewtonEnglish 1642-1727
  • Used Keplers work to formulate and test the
    universal theory of gravity
  • Each one of every pair of bodies pulls on the
    other, the strength of the pull (gravity) depends
    on the amount of matter in the objects and the
    distance between them
  • This explained how planets and their moons could
    remain in space while revolving around the Sun.

7
Edmund HalleyEnglish 1656-1742
  • Calculated the orbit of a comet observed in 1682
    and proved it was the same comet observe in 1531
    and 1607. Predicted the comet would again return
    in 1758.
  • Mapped the stars of the southern hemisphere
  • Studied the Moons effect on tides
  • Measured the distance from Earth to the Sun
  • Convinced Sir Isaac Newton to publish his
    findings
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