Northern Baroque: Sculpture and Architecture: France

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Northern Baroque Sculpture and Architecture
France England
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FRANCE

• Continuous civil and foreign war
• Marie de Medici becomes regent for her son
  (Louis XIII)
• Louis XIII assisted by Cardinal Richelieu
• Louis XIVabsolute monarch with longest reign in
  history (54 years!)
• The Arts became under royal controlThe French
  Royal Academy
• Art center shifts from Italy to France

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CLAUDE PERRAULT, LOUIS LE VAU, and CHARLES LE
BRUN, east facade of the Louvre, Paris, France,
16671670.
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The Louvre

• 1st building project of Louis XIVasks Bernini
• Completely rid of Gothic verticality

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The Palace at Versailles

• Located 11 miles southwest of Paris-first a
  village now a suburb of Paris
• Louis decides to change his Fathers hunting
  lodge into a palace
• He would regularly ride out to oversee
  construction
• Architects Le Vau and Hardoin-Mansart
• Unprecedented gardens and palace (unfortified)
• Took about 36, 000 workers
• Versailles is finished in 1710 but he moves in on
  May 6, 1682
• Stretches a distance about 700 yards!

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Versailles (continued)

• Louis and his Spanish Queen, Marie Therese, have
  spacious suites in the center
• Louis bedroom faces the rising sun
• Principal architectCharles Le Brun
• Versailles was built to glorify Louis XIV!!

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Hall of Mirrors

• Most famous room
• 246l x 33w
• 17 windows with views of the gardens
• Light reflected off the mirrors during the day
  and 4 thousand candles in silver chandeliers at
  night
• Ooh la la!

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HARDOUIN-MANSART and LE BRUN, Hall of Mirrors,
palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, France, ca.
1680.
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The Gardens _at_ Versailles

• Covered almost 250 acres
• Designed by Andre Le Notre
• 150,000 plants
• 100 statues of classical heroes
• 1,400 fountains
• One fountain depicts Apollo (sun god) being
  pulled from the sea in a chariot

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Aerial view (looking west) of the palace and
gardens, Versailles, France, begun 1669.
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HARDOUIN-MANSART, Royal Chapel, with ceiling
decorations by Antoine Coypel, palace of Louis
XIV, Versailles, France, 16981710.
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HARDOUIN-MANSART, Église de Dôme, Church of the
Invalides, Paris, France, 16761706. --His
stylecombo of Italian and French Baroque
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England

• 1603--England Scotland are united together by
  James VI of Scotland
• James increased funding to artists--literature
  and architecture
• Macbeth written specifically for the new royals
  (Banquo-James ancestor)
• Architecture most important art at this time in
  England

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INIGO JONES, Banqueting House at Whitehall,
London, England, 16191622.
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Inigo Jones

• Most notable arch. Of the 1st half of the 17th C.
• Spent time in Italy and was a fan of
  Palladioadopted many of his designs

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SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN, new Saint Pauls Cathedral,
London, England, 16751710.
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Christopher Wren

• Most well known English architect
• Excelled in math and professor of astronomy
• Inspired by Jones but also Italian/French Baroque
  and Palladio

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John Vanbrugh, Blenheim Palace,
Woodstock--Oxforshire, England 1705-12 The
English Versaille
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Anonymous Freake Painter Mrs. Freake and Baby
Mary c. 1674 oil on canvas Limnersface
painters Influence of Dutch painters
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