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Periodic%20Table:%20Bell%20Ringer

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Periodic Table: Bell Ringer What does a period and a group refer to on the periodic table? What period and group is Bromine on? What element is on period 5 and group 10? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Periodic%20Table:%20Bell%20Ringer


1
Periodic Table Bell Ringer
  • What does a period and a group refer to on the
    periodic table?
  • What period and group is Bromine on?
  • What element is on period 5 and group 10?
  • For homework, how did you classify the elements
    on the periodic table?

2
Periodic Table
3
Metallic Properties
4
Non-metallic Properties
5
History of the Periodic Table
  • Dmitri Mendeleev
  • Russian chemists and teacher
  • When organized elements into groups by similar
    chemical properties,
  • he observed the periods increasing in atomic
    mass.
  • His organization system was successful at
    predicting undiscovered elements.
  • Do you observe any inconsistencies with his
    organization system?

6
History of Periodic Table
  • Henry Moseley
  • British Physicists
  • Observed that when elements were placed in groups
    by chemical properties, the periods consistently
    increased by atomic number.
  • Currently accepted organization system for
    elements.

7
Bell Ringer Periodic Table
  • 1. How is the current periodic table arranged?
  • 2. Classify the following properties as metallic
    or non-metallic.
  • a. ductile b. low density c. high luster
    d. insulator
  • 3. What element is on period 3 group 16?
  • 4. Circle the elements below that have similar
    chemical properties
  • Carbon (C) Nitrogen (N) Silicon (Si) Boron
    (B)

8
Organization of Periodic Table
  • Why do elements in the same group have similar
    chemical properties?

9
Valence Electrons
  • Electrons in the highest energy level of an
    elements atom.
  • Calculate using short-hand electron
    configuration.
  • Determines the chemical reactivity of an element.

10
Periodic Table Bell Ringer
  • 1. a. What period and group is Aluminum on?
  • b. What element is in period 4 group 2 ?
  • 2. Circle the elements below that have similar
    chemical properties.
  • Carbon (C), Nitrogen, (N), Silicon (Si), Boron
    (B)
  • 3. What are valence electrons?
  • 4. Why is it important to know the number of
    valence electrons an element can have?

11
Short-Hand Electron Configuration
  • Short -hand configuration targets valence
    electrons
  • Ex.
  • Sulfur (S) Ne 2s22p4 6 valence
    electrons

12
Valence Electrons Worksheet Key
  • 1. 7 ve- 11. 1ve-
  • 2. 5ve- 12. 2ve-
  • 3. 2ve- 13. 4ve-
  • 4. 5ve- 14. 7ve-
  • 5. 2ve- 15. 6ve-
  • 6. 8ve- 16. 2ve-
  • 7. 1ve- 17. 3ve-
  • 8. 2ve- 18. 1ve-
  • 9. 2ve- 19. 8ve-
  • 10. 6ve- 20. 2ve-

13
Organization of Periodic Table
  • Why do elements in the same group have similar
    chemical properties?

14
Periodic Table Lab Valence Electrons
Lab grps grp 1 ve- grp 2 ve- grp 3-12 ve- grp 13 ve- grp 14 ve- grp 15 ve- grp 16 ve- grp17 ve- grp18 ve-
A
B
C
D
What can be concluded from the data table?
15
Periodic Table Valence Electrons
Lab grps grp 1 ve- grp 2 ve- grp 3-12 ve- grp 13 ve- grp 14 ve- grp 15 ve- grp 16 ve- grp17 ve- grp18 ve-
A 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 2
C 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
What can be concluded from the data table?
16
Common Periodic Table Groups
Periodic Groups Group Valence Electrons Chemical Properties
Alkali Metals 1 1 ve- Highly Reactive metals Only needs to lose 1 ve- to reach STABILITY. Depends on lower energy level that is filled.
Alkaline-Earth Metals 2 2ve- Reactive Only needs to lose 2 ve- to reach STABILITY. Depends on lower energy level that is filled.
Transitional Metals 3-12 2ve- Reactive Varies in amount of valence electrons lost to reach STABILITY. Depends on lower energy level that is filled.
Halogens 17 Highly Reactive non-metals. Only needs to gain 1 ve- to reach STABILITY. Depends on filling up outer energy level.
Noble Gases 18 Inert non-metal gases. Not reactive elements. Very STABLE elements because outermost energy level is filled, 8ve. Exception 2 ve for He.
17
Chemical Stability
  • Metals
  • Will lose ve- to reach stability.
  • Form cations ( charged atoms)
  • Non-metals
  • Will gain ve- to reach stability.
  • Form anions (- charged atoms)

18
Chemical Stability
  • Determine what type of ion each element below
    would form to reach maximum stability.
  • a. Sodium Na1
  • b. Oxygen O2-
  • c. Argon Ar
  • d. Phosphorus P3-
  • e. Chromium Cr2

19
Bell Ringer Chemical Stability
  • Write down what comes to mind when you think
    about chemical stability for elements.
  • 2. Label your periodic table with the following
    groups
  • Alkali metals (Group 1)
  • Alkaline earth metals (Group 2)
  • Halogens (Group 17)
  • Noble gases (Group 18)
  • Transitional metals (Group 3-12)

20
Periodic Table and Groups
21
Ions and Chemical Stability Lab
  • In pairs, look at 16 different elements and
    answer the following questions
  • Metal or non-metal
  • Neutral, anion, or cation.
  • Symbol and specific charge if needed.
  • neutral if element is naturally stable (noble
    gas)
  • anion non-metal not naturally stable
  • cation metals

22
Size of an Ion
Use the diagram below to determine what happens
to the size of an atom when it becomes an ion.
23
Size of a Cation
A cation is smaller than its parent atom. Why?
Because metals will lose an energy level in the
process of becoming a cation.
24
Size of a Cation
25
Size of an Anion
26
Size of an Anion
A anion is larger than its parent isotope. Why?
Repulsion force increases as more electrons are
added to the outer most energy level. Swells
the energy level.
27
Size of an Anion
28
Size of Ions
  • Circle the atom that is larger in size.
  • Ca or Ca2
  • S or S2-
  • Circle the atom that is smaller in size.
  • a. Al or Al3
  • b. N or N 3-

29
Bell Ringer Chemical Stability
  • a. Most stable group on periodic table?
    Explain.
  • b. Most reactive metallic group? Explain.
  • c. Most reactive non-metallic group?
    Explain.
  • 2. Predict what type of ion each element below
    would form to reach maximum stability.
  • a. Cesium b. Selenium c.
    Helium
  • 3. Identify which atom is larger in each example
    below.
  • a. Al or Al3 b. Br or Br 1-

30
Periodic Trends
31
Periodic Properties and Trends
  • Atomic Radius
  • -Size of an atom.
  • Distance from nucleus to highest energy level for
    that atom. (picometers, pm).
  • Ionization Energy
  • Energy required to remove an electron from an
    atom.
  • Energy required to form a cation.

32
Periodic Trends Atomic Radius
33
Periodic Trends Atomic Radius
Across a Period Down a Group
34
Periodic Trends Ionization Energy
35
Periodic Trends Ionization Energy
Across a Period Down a Group
36
Exit Slip
  • Use your graph on atomic radius and ionization
    energy answer these questions
  • Rank the following elements from largest to
    smallest in size. Explain your results.
  • Ar, Mg, S Al
  • Rank the following elements from smallest to
    largest in ionization energy. Explain your
    results.
  • Ne, Ar, He

37
Periodic Table
  • Representative Elements tall groups .
  • Transitional Elements short groups.

38
Hydrogen Lab
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