Title: Middle Colonies (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey)
1Middle Colonies (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New
York, and New Jersey)
- Climate was cold in winter, mild in summer. Great
soil conditions for farming. - Fertile soils and areas clear of forests drew
colonists. - Small and large farms developed for both
subsistence and commercial farming. - (subsistencegrow the food that you need for your
family) - (commercialagricultural products to sell for
profit) - Grain products like wheat, oats, corn were grown
and traded to other colonies. - Because of location and factors such as rivers
and harbors, trade was conducted with both New
England and Southern Colonies. - Religious diversity developed and they encouraged
diversity. - Quakers settled with Anglicans and other
protestant groups and Jews.
2From Dutch to British
- The regions of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware
were colonies of the Dutch. - The British fought the Dutch and captured the
Dutch colonial capital, New Amsterdam in 1664. - New Amsterdam was renamed New York and the
British took over the Dutch territories.
1. Why could Albany become a center of trade?2.
Could Philadelphia become a port city? Why?3.
Why were the Middle colonies centers of farming
and trade?
3William Penn
- William Penn (1644-1718)
- Born in London into a merchant family, Penn
joined the Quakers, also known as the Religious
Society of Friends, in 1666. - The Friends believed in direct guidance from the
Holy Spirit, did not recognize the authority of
an ordained ministry, believed in simple dress,
and opposed war. - William Penn received a charter in 1681 to
establish the colony that became known as
Pennsylvania (Penns forest). - He established the colony in Pennsylvania as a
refuge for Quakers and a place where they could
create a government based on freedom, self-rule,
and respect for others. - He helped planned the layout of the city of
Philadelphia for future development.
4Summary of Quaker Beliefs
- Equality of men and women
- Equality of all races and ethnic groups
(abolitionists) - Practiced true religious tolerance (all religions
welcome) - Non-violent (anti-war)
51. What geographic factors would allow the Middle
Colonies to develop manufacturing industries?
2. Why do you think New Jersey has the motto, The
Garden State?
61. Which region had a reason for settlement
different than the other two regions? What was it?
7Southern Colonies
- Climate had long growing season with warm weather
and plentiful rainfall. Flat land was very
fertile and suitable for large scale farming and
agriculture. - Colonies were founded for several reasons.
- Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 was the first English
Colony. - The Carolinas were first settled by a chartered
company. - Maryland was formed as a homeland for English
Catholics. - Georgia was first a colony for imprisoned debtors
(debtorspeople that owed money had had no way to
pay it back). - Because of a long growing season, plantations
developed for cash crops like tobacco, rice,
indigo, and cotton. - Cash crops were sent to Britain in exchange for
manufactured goods.
8Charter Colony /Proprietary Colony / Royal Colony
- A charter is a written grant for use of land.
- A charter was given by the king or the Parliament
to a business company. The London Company
(Virginia Company) was given the charter to
establish the settlement at Jamestown in 1607. - A Proprietary Colony was a charter for a land
grant given to an individual. The individual was
given power to rule the territory of the land
grant. - William Penn was the Proprietor of Pennsylvania.
- A Royal Colony was establish by a charter, land
grant form the king. - The Royal Charter granted a person or company the
authority to establish settlements. - James Oglethorpe received a Royal Charter to
establish Georgia in 1732.
9James Oglethorpe and Georgia Colony
- James Oglethorpe (1696-1785) was an English
General who founded Georgia. - Oglethorpe had political and social aims.
- He wanted to establish a colony between the
English colonies and the Spanish territories held
in Florida. - That way Georgia would be a buffer.
- He also suggested that this new colony could be a
place for English poor to go, especially people
in debtors prison. - He wanted to ban slavery but was pressured to
change his mind.
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11Enslaved Africans Brought Agricultural Knowledge
with Them
- Rice was introduced into the Southern Colonies by
Africans who were experienced growing this crop
in Africa. - Many crops that the Africans grew were similar to
the crops that could be easily grown in the South.
12Interpret
- Which of the colonial regions would be the most
likely to be dependent upon trade with England?
Why? Cite your evidence. - Which of the colonial regions, New England,
Middle, or Southern, would most likely have an
economy that was independent from England? Why?
Cite your evidence.