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A Short Guide to Action Research 4th Edition

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Title: A Short Guide to Action Research 4th Edition


1
A Short Guide to Action Research4th Edition
  • Andrew P. Johnson, Ph.D.
  • Minnesota State University, Mankato
  • www.OPDT-Johnson.com

2
  • Chapter 9 Evaluating, Describing, and Proposing
    Research

3
  • EVALUATING RESEARCH
  • Research shows that
  • Scientists have found that
  • Studies indicate that
  • A recent report confirms that
  • These words alone are meaningless!

4
  • Buyer Beware
  • 1. Saying so does not make it so
  • 2. Research is different from doing a study
  • 3. There is no such thing as the perfect research
    study
  • 4. You cannot make research say anything you want.

5
  • 5. Using research is like sighting in a target
    rifle
  • 6. Show me the data

6
  • National Research Counsels (NRC), Principles of
    Scientific Research in Education
  • 1. Pose significant questions that can be
    investigated empirically.
  • 2. Link research to relevant theory.
  • 3. Use methods that permit direct investigation
    of the question.
  • 4. Provide a coherent and explicit chain of
    reasoning.
  • 5. Replicate and generalize across studies.
  • 6. Disclose research to encourage professional
    scrutiny and critique.
  • National Research Council. (2002). Scientific
    research in education. Committee on Scientific
    Principles for Education Research. Shavelson, R.
    J., and Towne, L., Editors. Center for Education.
    Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and
    Education. Washington, DC National Academy
    Press.

7
  • EVALUATING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

8
  • Independent and Dependent Variables
  • A variable item, characteristic, attribute,
    or factor that can be measured or observed
  • Independent variable the things that the
    researcher isolates or tries to make independent
    of all other forces
  • Dependent variable what happens as a result of
    the independent variable and is what is measured
  • Confounding variables independent variables
    that are unknown or have not been controlled and
    which affect the dependent variables

9
  • Common Confounding Variables
  • Drop out or experimental mortality subjects drop
    out while the experiment is in progress
  • Concurrent events simultaneously occurring
    events outside the experiment affect the results
  • Unequal samples groups are not similar in
    terms of size, demographics, ability, age, or
    other types of variables,
  • Maturation results are not due to any treatment
    or independent variable but to maturation

10
  • Sampling or selection bias the types of
    subjects or participants included or excluded in
    a study affect the results
  • Hawthorne Effect participants in a study behave
    differently because they know they are in a study
  • Validity of the measure data collected do not
    determine what they are intended to measure

11
  • EVALUATING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
  • 1. Purposefulness. Purposefulness, questions, or
    area of study is clearly defined.
  • 2. Assumptions and biases. Biases or assumptions
    are stated up front.
  • 3. Rigor. A systematic plan is used to collect
    and analyze data.
  • 4. Open-mindedness. The researcher dido not
    start with the answer.

12
  • 5. Completeness. All relevant aspects of the
    environment are described in a way that enables
    understanding.
  • 6. Coherence. The description makes sense.
  • 7. Persuasiveness. Sound logic is used to
    analyze and interpret data.
  • 8. Consensus. It is set in a sound theoretical
    context.
  • 9. Usefulness. The findings enable you to better
    understand and more accurately interpret similar
    people, places, events, or experiences.

13
  • DESCRIBING RESEARCH
  • 1. Question or purpose of the study
  • 2. Subjects or participants
  • 3. Treatment, criteria, or conditions
  • 4. Measures or instruments.
  • 5. Results
  • 6. Conclusions or findings
  • 7. Limitations

14
  • ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL
  • 1. Title or heading
  • 2. Topics
  • 3. Question/s
  • 4. Annotated bibliography
  • 5. Methodology
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