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Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure

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S/S of Hypotension Dizziness Clammy Skin Cool Skin Nausea Light-Headed Feeling Faint Black-Out Orthostatic Hypotension Postural hypotension-occurs when there is a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure


1
Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure
2
Blood Pressure-BP
  • Measurement of pressure that the blood exerts on
    the artery walls during the various stages of
    heart activity.
  • Measured in mmHg on instrument called a
    sphygmomanometer. (blood pressure cuff)
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vqWti317qb_w

3
Two types of BP
  • Systolic-first beat heard
  • Top number
  • Diastolic-last beats heard
  • Bottom number

4
Systolic Pressure
  • Systolic pressure occurs in artery walls when the
    Left Ventricle of the heart is contracting and
    pushing blood into the arteries.
  • Normal systolic reading is 120 mmHg
  • Normal range is 100-140 mmHg

5
Diastolic Blood Pressure
  • Diastolic pressure-constant pressure in artery
    walls when Left Ventricle of heart is at rest or
    between contractions.
  • Volume of blood in arteries has decreased.
  • Normal reading 80mm/Hg
  • Normal range 60-90 mm/Hg

6
Pulse Pressure
  • Difference between systolic and diastolic
    pressure
  • Normal range in adults is 30 to 50 mm/Hg.
  • Example Systolic pressure is 120 mm/Hg and
    diastolic pressure is 80 mm/Hg, the pulse
    pressure is 40 mm/Hg. (120-8040)

7
HYPERTENSION
  • High blood pressure
  • When pressures are greater than
  • 140 mm/Hg systolic and 90 mm/Hg
  • diastolic
  • Common Causes stress, anxiety, kidney disease,
    aging, high-salt intake, thyroid deficiency, and
    vascular conditions, life style choices

8
  • Controllable Factors
  • Diet, exercise, smoking habits, stress
  • Uncontrollable Factors
  • Age, sex, family history

9
Effects of HypertensionCalled the Silent Killer
  • Causes damage to the arteries, weakens them, Can
    cause aneurysmDeath
  • Heart Enlarged Heart, Heart Failure, MI, Heart
    Disease
  • Brain Stroke, Dementia
  • Kidneys Kidney Failure
  • Eyes Blindness

10
S/S of Hypertension
  • Headache
  • Ringing in the Ears
  • Nosebleed
  • Blurred vision
  • Seeing Spots

11
HYPOTENSION
  • Low blood pressure when pressures are less than
    100 mm/Hg systolic and
  • 60 mm/Hg diastolic.
  • Common Causes heart failure, hemorrhage,
    dehydration, depression, severe burns, trauma.

12
S/S of Hypotension
  • Dizziness
  • Clammy Skin
  • Cool Skin
  • Nausea
  • Light-Headed
  • Feeling Faint
  • Black-Out

13
Orthostatic Hypotension
  • Postural hypotension-occurs when there is a
    sudden drop in both systolic and diastolic
    pressure.
  • This occurs when the individual moves from a
    lying to a sitting or standing position.
  • Caused by inability of blood vessels to
    compensate quickly to the change in position.

14
Various Factors Influences BP Readings
  • Force of heartbeat
  • Resistance of the arterial system
  • Elasticity of the arteries
  • Volume of the blood in arteries

15
Various Factors CausingIncreased BP
  1. excitement, anxiety, nervous tension
  2. Exercise and eating
  3. Smoking
  4. Drugs, Alcohol

16
Various Factors Causing Decreased BP
  • Rest or sleep
  • Depressant drugs
  • Shock
  • Excessive loss of blood
  • Fasting

17
Factor that may cause changes
  • Lying down
  • Sitting position
  • Standing position

18
Recording BP
  • Record as a fraction.
  • Systolic is the top number
  • Diastolic is the bottom number
  • 120/80

19
Two main types of sphygmomanometers
  • Mercury sphygmomanometer-has long column of
    mercury
  • Each mark represents 2 mmHg.
  • Aneroid has round gauge
  • Cuff deflatedzero for accuracy
  • Electronic types used in healthcare facilities.

20
Recommendations
  • AHA-American Heart Assn. recommends pt. sit
    quietly for _at_ least 5 min. before taking BP.
  • AHA recommends that two readings be taken,
    averaged, with a minimum wait of 30 seconds
    between readings.
  • Pt. seated or lying comfortably with forearm
    supported on flat surface.

21
Procedure
  • Cuff appropriate size for pt.
  • Arm free of restrictive clothing
  • Deflated cuff should be placed on arm with center
    of cuff directly over the brachial artery.
  • Lower edge of cuff should be 1-1 ½ inches above
    the bend of the elbow.

22
Rest of the procedure
  • Final point-accuracy in placing stethoscope bell
    or diaphragm directly over the brachial artery at
    the antecubital area (bend in the elbow).
  • Hold securely but with slight pressure.

23
Do not use
  • Arm with IV
  • Arm with paralysis
  • Arm on side which pt has had a mastectomy
  • Arm that has a Dialysis shunt
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