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Geothermal HVAC for Homes, Farms and Businesses (and schools)

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Geothermal HVAC for Homes, Farms and Businesses (and schools) Alice Gitchell Richard Stockton College Please feel free to ask questions at any time! – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Geothermal HVAC for Homes, Farms and Businesses (and schools)


1
Geothermal HVAC for Homes, Farms and
Businesses(and schools)
  • Alice Gitchell
  • Richard Stockton College
  • Please feel free to ask questions at any time!

2
Whats in the name?
  • Geothermal energy has historically referred to
    geysers and steam from deep in the earth
  • Not found in New Jersey
  • Better term is GeoExchange
  • Registered trademark of Geothermal Heat Pump
    Consortium
  • www.geoexchange.org

3
Why Stockton?
  • Long term interest in energy technology
  • Most of our heating and cooling is done by
    GeoExchange 1650 T cooling capacity
  • Worlds largest for many years
  • Used for research and training
  • Moving towards a very advanced system

4
Stockton campus
5
The science behind GeoExchange
  • Constant temperature found a few feet below
    ground surface
  • Not making heat (by burning fuel) but moving it
  • Heat can be moved into a building to warm it,
    leaving the ground cooler
  • Heat can be discharged into the ground, leaving
    your building cooler and the ground a little
    warmer
  • So how to get to the right TEMPERATURE?

6
Science behind the heat pump
  • A heat pump runs on electricity, does work and
    separates hot from cold
  • Closed system with a gas inside
  • Compressing a gas heats it, expanding a gas cools
    it
  • Take advantage of either side of this closed
    system

7
Putting it together
  • Water to air heat transfer
  • Using electricity to move both air water around
  • Two common configurations
  • Open versus closed loop

8
Open loop system
  • Suitable for house or small business
  • Pump well water through heat pump
  • Extract heat (winter) or discard heat (summer)
  • Discharge water to another well or other
    arrangement (landscaping)
  • Can zone using multiple small heat pumps

9
Components water to air HVAC system
  • Well
  • Heat pump(s)
  • Thermostats or building management system
  • Ductwork
  • Discharge arrangement for water

10
Closed loop system
  • Put PVC piping into ground for heat exchange
  • Borehole is the most common configuration 100
    to 400 feet deep
  • Fill with water to circulate for heat exchange
  • System is isolated from groundwater
  • Can be scaled UP
  • Borehole field a LONG term investment

11
Closed loop
12
Vertical Piping
13
Advantages open or closed system
  • Same equipment provides heating and cooling
    less mechanical space required
  • Lower operating cost (percentage varies according
    to alternatives) - less pollution
  • Comfort factors - temperature never goes very
    high (so air is less dry) air moves more slowly
    than forced hot air
  • Can heat and cool at same time (but not with the
    same heat pump)

14
Advantages (cont.)
  • Flexible configuration inside building and also
    in terms of ground coupling
  • Quiet
  • No equipment exposed to weather or vandalism
  • Dont need certified boiler operators
  • Bragging rights
  • Rebates go to www.njssb.com click on equipment,
    currently 370 per ton

15
Disadvantages
  • Slightly higher initial cost for both equipment
    and design
  • Construction can be disruptive (for larger
    projects)
  • Unfamiliar to maintenance staff but maintenance
    costs are lower in long run
  • Greatest benefits to facilities with high,
    consistent loads
  • Not economical for cooling only (in NJ)

16
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17
Important pointers
  • Easier with new construction (but retrofits can
    work and should be included in comparisons)
  • Introduce into planning early building will be
    slightly different
  • Check experience of architect and engineer
  • Need life cycle cost analysis and energy study
  • Geology counts sand is good but rock is NOT bad
  • Ask for details if you are told it wont work.

18
Whats next?
  • Hybrid systems when AC and heat demand are out
    of balance
  • Pond or ocean systems
  • Standing column configurations
  • Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) seasonal
    storage common in Europe
  • Energy efficiency or carbon reduction credits
    RECs in NJ now limited to renewable generation of
    electricity, but this could change

19
Stockton Projects Completed(research included)
  • Geothermal HVAC
  • Photovoltaics 18 kW on Arts Sciences
    Building, 2 kW on daycare
  • Lighting upgrades, motor replacement, etc.
  • Energy Alert human behavior - harvest easy
    savings on high demand days
  • Fuel cell

20
Fuel cell
  • 200 kW electricity 900,000 btu heat per hour
  • Consumes natural gas, so why do it?
  • Bypasses all transmission loss and reduces air
    pollution
  • Transitional technology in the public interest
  • Distributed generation less vulnerable to
    disruption
  • Non interruptible power critical equipment and
    emergency response

21
Next at Stockton
  • Photovoltaics large scale flat roofs as a New
    Jersey resource
  • ATES (800 T cooling capacity) feasibility study
    complete
  • Wind (1.5 MWatts) careful evaluation of
    wildlife impacts necessary, technical advances
    important

22
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