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Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites

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Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites By B.Ravindra Reddy (MT097109) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Outline Background Solar Power Satellite ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites


1
Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power
Satellites
  • By
  • B.Ravindra Reddy
  • (MT097109)

2
Outline
  • Background
  • Solar Power Satellite
  • Microwave Power Transmission
  • Current Designs
  • Conclusion

3
Background
  • 1899-1990

4
Nikola Tesla
  • 1856-1943
  • Innovations
  • Alternating current
  • Wireless power transmission experiments at
    Wardenclyffe

5
Wardenclyffe
  • 1899
  • Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without
    using wires
  • High frequency current, of a Tesla coil, could
    light lamps filled with gas (like neon)

6
1940s to Present
  • World War II developed ability to convert energy
    to microwaves using a magnetron, no method for
    converting microwaves back to electricity
  • 1964 William C. Brown demonstrated a rectenna
    which could convert microwave power to electricity

7
Brief History of Solar Power
  • 1940-50s Development of the Photovoltaic cell
  • 1958 First US Satellite that used Solar Power
  • 1970s Oil embargo brought increased interest and
    study

8
Details of the DOE Study
  • Construct the satellites in space
  • Each SPS would have 400 million solar cells
  • Use the Space Shuttle to get pieces to a low
    orbit station
  • Tow pieces to the assembly point using a purpose
    built space tug (similar to space shuttle)

9
Advantages over Earth based solar power
  • More intense sunlight
  • In geosynchronous orbit, 36,000 km (22,369 miles)
    an SPS would be illuminated over 99 of the time
  • No need for costly storage devices for when the
    sun is not in view.

10
Continued
  • Waste heat is radiated back into space
  • No air or water pollution is created during
    generation

11
Problems
  • Issues identified during the DOE study
  • Complexity30 years to complete
  • Size6.5 miles long by 3.3 miles wide
  • Transmitting antenna ½ mile in diameter(1 km)

12
Continued
  • Costprototype would have cost 74 billion
  • Microwave transmission
  • Interference with other electronic devices
  • Health and environmental effects

13
1980s to Present
  • Japanese continued to study the idea of SPS
    throughout the 1980s
  • In 1995 NASA began a Fresh Look Study
  • Set up a research, technology, and investment
    schedule

14
NASA Fresh Look Report
  • SPS could be competitive with other energy
    sources and deserves further study
  • Research aimed at an SPS system of 250 MW
  • Would cost around 10 billion and take 20 years
  • National Research Council found the research
    worthwhile but under funded to achieve its goals

15
Possible Designs
16
(No Transcript)
17
Deployment Issues
  • Cost of transporting materials into space
  • Construction of satellite
  • Space Walks
  • Maintenance
  • Routine
  • Meteor impacts

18
Microwave Power Transmission
  • How the power gets to Earth

19
From the Satellite
  • Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth
    using a microwave transmitter
  • Received at a rectenna located on Earth
  • Recent developments suggest that power could be
    sent to Earth using a laser

20
Microwave vs. Laser Transmission
  • Microwave
  • More developed
  • High efficiency up to 85
  • Beams is far below the lethal levels of
    concentration even for a prolonged exposure
  • Cause interference with satellite communication
    industry
  • Laser
  • Recently developed solid state lasers allow
    efficient transfer of power
  • Range of 10 to 20 efficiency within a few years
  • Conform to limits on eye and skin damage

21
Rectenna
  • An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and
    diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a
    transmitter and converting it into electric
    power.
  • Microwaves are received with about 85 efficiency
  • Around 5km across (3.1 miles)
  • 95 of the beam will fall on the rectenna

22
Current Developments
23
Details
  • Project in Development in Japan
  • Goal is to build a low cost demonstration model
    by 2025
  • 8 Countries along the equator have agreed to be
    the site of a rectenna

24
Power to Mobile Devices
  • If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed
    uniformly over the earth they could power cell
    phones
  • Biggest problem is that the antenna would have to
    be 25-30 cm square

25
Issues
  • Would require a network of hundreds of satellites
  • Air Force currently track 8500 man made objects
    in space, 7 satellites
  • Would make telecommunications companies into
    power companies

26
Reliability
  • Ground based solar only works during clear days,
    and must have storage for night
  • Power can be beamed to the location where it is
    needed, dont have to invest in as large a grid
  • A network of low orbit satellites could provide
    power to almost any point on Earth continuously
    because one satellite would always be in range

27
Conclusions
  • More reliable than ground based solar power
  • In order for SPS to become a reality it several
    things have to happen
  • Government support
  • Cheaper launch prices
  • Involvement of the private sector
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