A View of Mountains

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A View of Mountains

• Jonathan Schell

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Arrangement(1)

• Warm-up questions and exercises
• 1. In the world, whats the most horrible thing
  to you? -----translation p55
• 2. When it comes to WWII, what will occur to you?
• Listening exercises p57
• Background introduction to the author and the two
  cities

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E---C translation

• ???????102?????????????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????19??
  ??????33??????????,????????2832??,???1946?,???69?
  ?,????????

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The most horrible thing in the world

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ???,???????????????????????,?????????????????,????
  ??????????

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The two A-bomb cities

• The Nagasaki is a city which is the seaport in
  southwest Japan(??) and is one of the two cities
  that got nuclear bombing in the War II.
• The Hiroshima is a city which is the seaport in
  southwest Japan(??) and is the first city that
  got nuclear bombing in the War II.

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Hiroshima bombing
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Nagasaki bombing
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Yosuke Yamahata
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Special Mission

• In 1945, Yosuke Yamahata was a 28-year-old-photogr
  apher on assignment with the Western Army Corps
  near Nagasaki. On August 9, three days after the
  bombing of Hiroshima, news of a second "New-Style
  Bombing" was received by the Corps and Yamahata
  was sent immediately to photograph its
  aftereffects.

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..\Remembering Nagasaki Background.htm

• He arrived before dawn on August 10, 1945. As the
  sun rose he began to photograph the city, in
  which nearly half the population had been killed
  or injured by the single, plutonium triggered
  bomb. By nightfall he had completed the most
  extensive photographic record of the immediate
  aftermath of the bombings of either Hiroshima or
  Nagasaki, taking approximately 119 images during
  that single day.
• He died of cancer in 1966. He was 48 years old.

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His photos
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His photos
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His photos
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His photos
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His photos
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The mushroom cloud seen from an American
aircraft
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Nagasaki two days before the atomic bombing
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Nagasaki three days after the atomic bombing
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The atomic bomb mushroom cloud over Nagasaki on
August 9, 1945Photograph by Hiromichi Matsuda
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Q1 Human injuries caused by the atomic bomb

• Deaths about 74000 Injuries about
  75000(estimates up to the end of December
  1945)Heat rays, blast and radiation of the
  atomic bomb caused damage to the human body.
  Heat rays was tremendous and caused severe burns
  which couldnt be imagined by the ordinary burn.
  When the symptom became serious, the patients
  skin turned into a running sore and subcutaneous
  (???)tissues and bones were exposed.

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Q2 The shape of the atomic bomb

• Plutonium 239 was used in the Nagasaki atomic
  bomb. It was 3.2m in length and 1.5m in diameter
  and 4.5ton in weight. It was nicknamed
  "Fatman"because of its shape, which is more
  roundish than the Hiroshima-type bomb( a little
  boy). (a full-size model of the bomb is displayed
  at Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum).

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Q3 The development expense of the atomic bomb

• The development of the atomic bomb was called
  "Manhattan Project" and then value of two billion
  dollars were put in to the project. It was
  delivered by then president Roosevelt before the
  attack of pearl harbor.

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Q4 The B-29 bomber that carried the atomic bomb

• The B-29 bomber that carried the atomic bomb was
  called "Bockscar". It left a base on Tinian
  Island, which is one of the Mariana Islands near
  Guam. The B-29 that released the bomb over
  Hiroshima City was called Enola Gay. It also
  started from Tinian Island.

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Q5 Statue of Peace
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Statue of Peace

• The statue is a work by Nagasaki born sculptor
  Seibo Kitamura. It was completed in 1955. It is a
  bronze statue of approximately 9.7 meters in
  height and 30 ton in weight. The sculptor's words
  that goes "The right hand implies the atomic
  bombing, the left hand suggests desire for the
  world peace and the face prays the bombing
  victims? soul may rest in peace. is engraved on
  the back of the pedestal.

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Q6 Nagasaki before the bombing and now

• Nagasaki thrived as the port for European trade
  and cultural exchange during the period of
  national isolation of Japan. Shipbuilding
  industry prospered in Nagasaki as the marine
  transportation business developed. During a war
  there were major shipyard and armament factories.
  After the atomic bombing inhabitants in Nagasaki
  City devoted their effort to give aid to the
  survivors and to reconstruct the city. Now,
  Nagasaki City is known as a city of marine
  products industry and tourism as well as
  shipbuilding.

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Present Nagasaki
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The night view of Nagasaki City
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About atom bomb

• "A single nuclear weapon contains almost ten
  times the explosive force delivered by all of the
  allied air forces in the Second World War".
  President John F. Kennedy
• "A bomb can now be manufactured which will be
  25.000 times as powerful as that which destroyed
  Hiroshima." - Betrand Russell

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A view of mountains
31
A view of mountains
32
A view of mountains
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Jonathan Schell

• This text is the epilogue( last part) from his
  book The Gift of Time The Case for Abolishing
  Nuclear Weapons Now?????????? in 1998.
• He was a writer for the New Yorker from 1967 to
  1987 and a columnist for Newsday from 1900 to
  1996. He teaches at Wesleyan University and the
  New school. His works involves The Village of Ben
  Sue and The Fate of the Earth?????. His latest
  book The unconquerable world power, nonviolence,
  and The will of The people ?????????,?????????

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Text structure

• This argumentative essay compromises three parts.
• 1st part( para 1) the writer put forward his
  thesis a view of mountains in the background
  suggests the real extent to which the city was
  destroyed by the atomic bombing.

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Text structure

• 2nd part (para2-3) the author argues that the
  bombing of Nagasaki is more representative of
  nuclear peril threatening the world than that of
  Hiroshima and that we need to take actions to
  dispel nuclear threat from the Earth.

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Text structure

• 3rd part (para 4) he restates his main idea, i.e.
  we should not just worry about the nuclear peril
  but take actions to eliminate it to create a
  safer world.

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Paragraph one

• It describes what Yamahatas pictures display
  the effects of a nuclear weapon on human being.
• Key sentence
• Why does the author thinks that Ys pictures
  composes the fullest record of nuclear
  destruction in existence?

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QA

• Because there are few pictures of the destructive
  consequences of the first atomic bomb. In
  contrast, Ys photo systematically and timely
  record the effects of the second bomb on
  Nagasaki.
• Why were the bodies often branded with the
  patterns of their clothes?

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QA

• Because the different colors of the patterns
  absorb light in different degrees. That is, they
  permitted the body to be heated by the thermal
  pulse in different degrees in accordance with the
  colors of the patterns. The lighter the color,
  the less burned the part of the body.
• Why does he mention a view of mountains?

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• Because the view of mountains reminds the viewers
  of the city that had been erased from earth. It
  is in the vanished city rather than in the
  wreckage that the significance of the event lies.

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Dispatch/despatch

• to send someone or something somewhere for a
  particular purpose to deal with sb. or to finish
  a job quickly and effectively
• She dispatched (beat) her opponent 6-2, 6-2.
• dispatch a messenger????/a telegram ???
• dispatch a business ????/ a criminal ????
• He dispatched his breakfast and left.

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Dispatch n.

• countable a message sent between military or
  government officials
• a dispatch from headquarters
• with dispatch
• formal if you do something with dispatch, you do
  it well and quickly

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constitute

• linking verb, not in progressive to be
  considered to be something
• Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach
  of the employment contract. /The rise in crime
  constitutes a threat to society.
• if several people or things constitute something,
  they are the parts that form it
• We must redefine what constitutes a family.

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Char (charred, charring)

• to burn something so that its outside becomes
  black
• Roast the peppers until the skin begins to char
  and blister.
• something that is charred has been burned until
  it is black
• the charred remains of a body
• to work as a cleaner in a house, office, public
  building etc ???

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Wounded horse and a queer girl
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their bodies are often branded with the patterns
of their clothes

• their bodies are often marked with the patterns
  of their clothes
• Brand label or mark with or as if with a brand,
  to describe someone or something as a very bad
  type of person or thing, often unfairly
• brand somebody (as) something
• They branded the cattle one by one.
• The US administration recently branded him as
  a war criminal.
• You can't brand all football supporters as
  hooligans.

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Dot cover or sprinkle with or as if with dots

• if an area is dotted with things, there are a lot
  of them there but they are spread far apart
• be dotted with something
• The lake was dotted with sailboats.
• be dotted about/around etc something
• The company has over 20 stores dotted around the
  country.
• The countryside is dotted with beautiful ancient
  churches.
• We have offices dotted all over the region.

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Part 2

• In this part, the writer first claims that the
  bombing of Nagasaki is the fitter symbol of the
  nuclear danger menacing the world then he argues
  that we should not just apprehend the nuclear
  peril but try to dispel it from the earth. For
  this purpose, he maintains that picture taking is
  not enough and action is called for.

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Para 2-3

• The following questions can be considered
• 1. Why is the meaning of Yamahatas picture
  universal?
• Because they express an apprehension of the
  nuclear peril that hangs over us. What happened
  to Nagasaki could happen to any other city in the
  world.
• In a flash quick as a flash (light), instantly
• Just wait here. I'll be back in a flash.
• a flash in the pan

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Nagasaki comes into its own.

• In this photographs, Nagasaki regain its own
  status.
• Come into ones own acquire, enter into
  possession of ??,??
• to become very good, useful, or important in a
  particular situation
• On icy roads, a four-wheel drive vehicle really
  comes into its own.

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• 2. Why has Nagasaki always been in the shadow of
  Hiroshima?
• Because Hiroshima was the city on which the
  first atomic bomb was dropped and it has drawn
  almost all the attention of the world. By
  contrast, Nagasaki has nearly been forgotten as
  an atomically devastated city.

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In the shadow of

• the bad effect or influence that something has,
  which makes other things seem less enjoyable,
  attractive, or impressive
• cast a shadow over/on something (make something
  seem less enjoyable, attractive, or impressive)
  The events of September 11th cast a shadow over
  the celebrations.

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• Stumble to hit your foot against something or
  put your foot down awkwardly while you are
  walking or running, so that you almost fall
• In her hurry she stumbled and spilled the milk
  all over the floor.
• to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall/
  stagger
• He stumbled upstairs and into bed.

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ruin

• to spoil or destroy something completely
• This illness has ruined my life. His career would
  be ruined. All this muds going to ruin my shoes.
• a ruined building has been almost completely
  destroyed
• a ruined castle

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• Do you agree with the author when he says the
  bombing of Nagasaki is the fitter symbol of the
  nuclear peril? Why or why not?
• If yes, first it is the evidence of the danger
  that nuclear weapons can be used again second it
  shows the unpredictability of nuclear attacks.
• If no, whats your reason?

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Hang over/overshadow

• if something bad is hanging over you, you are
  worried or anxious about it
• The threat of redundancy was still hanging over
  us./ It's not very nice to have huge debts
  hanging over your head .
• hang out /hang out with
• I don't really know who she hangs out with.
• Where do the youngsters hang out?

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• The second bomb was originally planned to be
  dropped on Kokura instead of Nagasaki. But
  because of its bad weather which made the city
  out of sight from the sky, American authority
  changed their plan to drop the bomb on Nagasaki,
  which indicated the unpredictability and
  open-ended character of the nuclear
  war??????????????????

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spare

• spare somebody the trouble/difficulty/pain etc
  (of doing something)
• to prevent someone from having to experience
  something difficult or unpleasant
• I wanted to spare them the trouble of buying me a
  present. Thankfully she had been spared the
  ordeal(?????) of surgery.
• spare no expense/effort to do something
• No expense was spared in developing the necessary
  technology.

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Not so much A as B

• used to say that one description of someone or
  something is less suitable or correct than
  another
• The details are not so much wrong as they are
  incomplete.
• He is not so much a film star as an artist.

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intact

• not broken, damaged, or spoiled
• Only the medieval tower had remained intact . His
  reputation survived intact .
• Entire, unimpaired ????,???????
• He lived on the interest and kept his capital
  intact.
• Despite his misfortune, his faith and optimism
  remained intact???????????.

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A glimpse of

• a quick look at someone or something that does
  not allow you to see them clearly
• They caught a glimpse of a dark green car.
• brief/fleeting/quick glimpse (a very short look)
  We only had a fleeting (quick) glimpse of the
  river.
• a short experience of something that helps you
  begin to understand it
• glimpse of/into/at a glimpse of his life
• a glimpse of what life might be like in the future

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Para 3

• What should we do in addition to apprehending the
  nuclear peril?
• We should try to dispel it completely from the
  earth.
• Dispel to make something go away, especially a
  belief, idea, or feeling
• We want to dispel the myth that you cannot eat
  well in Britain. / Light poured into the hall,
  dispelling the shadows.

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apprehend

• Expect with fear, anxiety, suspicion danger in
  every sound ????,????
• if the police apprehend a criminal, they catch
  him or her arrest
• to understand something
• They were slow to apprehend the danger.
• apprehension/apprehensive

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peril

• great danger, especially of being harmed or
  killed in peril
• They put their own lives in peril to rescue their
  friends.
• The economy is now in grave peril.
• All is not lost that's in peril.????????
• peril one's life ??????

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Counter poise

• to put or hold something in a carefully balanced
  position, especially above something else
• poise something over/above something
• He poised the bottle over her glass. 'More wine?
• Counterbalance, keep queal

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• ????,?????????????,??????????????????????.??,?
  ??????????????????, ???????????????????.??????????
  ????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????,????????????.

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Part 3 (para 4)

• The writer calls on us to take the responsibility
  of creating a safer world for new generations.
• 1.What should we do to ensure a safer world for
  the future generations?
• According to the text, one of the things we
  should do is to make efforts to banish nuclear
  peril from the Earth forever. However there are
  other things to be considered.

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The last paragraph can be put into

• Once, people were brought to this world which
  was safe to live in, but now they (or every
  member of human race) can live only if, out of
  our faith and will, we make them.  This is the
  greatest responsibility of us who are alive
  now.  The biggest gift of time is life if we know
  how to receive it -- i.e., whether to cherish it
  or ruin it.

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• we ensure their right to exist
• we guarantee a safe living environment for them.
• Ensure make (something) certain to happen
• Eg Following the plane crash, the airline is
  taking further steps to ensure public safety on
  its aircraft.

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• ???,????????. ??,????????????????????????,???????.
  ???????????????????.??????????????,????????????.