Title: CHAPTER 29 PLANT DIVERSITY I: HOW PLANTS COLONIZED LAND Ferns in a Tasmanian Forest
1CHAPTER 29 PLANT DIVERSITY I HOW PLANTS
COLONIZED LANDFerns in a Tasmanian Forest
2Highlights of Plant Evolution
3Charophyceans-green algae most closely related to
land plants
4Charophyceans-green algae most closely related to
land plants
5Charophyceans homologies with land
plants Chloroplasts Rosette
cellulose-synthesizing complexes Almost
identical enzymes in their perioxisomes Formation
of a phragmoplast during cytokinesis and cell
plate formation Sperm rRNA and cytoskeletal
proteins
6Apical meristems of plants shoots and roots
Apical meristem
7Embryo of a Liverwort
Maternal tissue of the archegonium Embryo
8Embryo of an Angiosperm
Endosperm Maternal tissue of the
archegonium Embryo
Integuments
9Alternation of generations a generalized scheme
10Division Pterophyta - a fern spore
11Sporangium of a Hornwort
Spores Sporangium tissue
12Archegonium of a liverwort
egg
13Antheridium of a Liverwort
Sperm
14Pterophyta stem
Waxey cuticle
15Pterophyta Stem
Phloem Xylem
16Phloem Xylem
17Fossilized tissue of a sporophyte and spores
18Hypothetical mechanism for the origin of
alternation of generations in the ancestor of
plants
19(No Transcript)
20Liverworts
21Liverworts
22Hornworts
23Phylum Bryophyta
Multicellular with specialized cells and tissues
but they do not contain any vascular tissue which
restricts their size.
Sporophytes Gametophytes
24Bryophytes Mosses--Sporophyte
25Bryophytes MossesGametophyte Archegonia and
antheridia grow on separate stalks of the same
gametophyte so splashing water is required to
transfer the sperm to the egg
26Bryophytes Mosses
27Bryophytes Mosses Gametophytes
28Quillwort
29Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte
30Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte
31Life Cycle of a MossBryophyte
32Bryophytes Mosses--Gametophyte
33Bryophytes MossesGametophyteSpermEggArchegoniu
m
34Bryophytes Mosses--Sporophyte
35Sporangium
36Bryophytes Mosses--Spores
37Bryophytes Mosses--Protonema
38Small Sporophyte of a liverwort
39Bryophytes Moss--Sporangium
40Sphagnum Moss
41Sphagnum MossGametophyte
Sporophyte
42Sphagnum leaf
43Peat Bog
44protracheophyte polysporangiophytes
Fossil of an early plant with vascular tissue
45SporophyllsLycophyta-Club Moss
46SporophyllsLycophyta-Club Moss
47Whisk Fern
48Division Sphenophyta-Horsetails Silica in cell
walls makes them abrasive. Sporophyte is
predominant generation homosporus
49Division Sphenophyta-Horsetails
50Pterophyta-Ferns
51Branched vascular systems evolved by the fusion
of branched stems
52Pterophyta-Ferns Life Cycle
53Pterophyta-Ferns-fronds-sporophyte
54Pterophyta-Ferns-Sorus
55Pterophyta-Ferns-Sporangium
56Pterophyta-Ferns-Sporangium
57Pterophyta-Ferns-Spore germinating
58Pterophyta-Ferns-Gametophyte
Antheridia Archegonia
59Pterophyta-Ferns-
Archegonia Sperm are flagellated and must
swim in condensation which forms under the
gametophyte to the archegonia
60Young sporophyte growing out of gametophyte
61Pterophyta-Ferns-fronds-sporophyte
62Pterophyta-Ferns-sporophyte-Sori
63Pterophyta-Ferns-sporangia in a sorus
64Carboniferous forest