CHAPTER 29 PLANT DIVERSITY I: HOW PLANTS COLONIZED LAND Ferns in a Tasmanian Forest

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CHAPTER 29 PLANT DIVERSITY I HOW PLANTS
COLONIZED LANDFerns in a Tasmanian Forest
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Highlights of Plant Evolution
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Charophyceans-green algae most closely related to
land plants
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Charophyceans-green algae most closely related to
land plants
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Charophyceans homologies with land
plants Chloroplasts Rosette
cellulose-synthesizing complexes Almost
identical enzymes in their perioxisomes Formation
of a phragmoplast during cytokinesis and cell
plate formation Sperm rRNA and cytoskeletal
proteins
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Apical meristems of plants shoots and roots
Apical meristem
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Embryo of a Liverwort
Maternal tissue of the archegonium Embryo
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Embryo of an Angiosperm
Endosperm Maternal tissue of the
archegonium Embryo
Integuments
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Alternation of generations a generalized scheme
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Division Pterophyta - a fern spore
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Sporangium of a Hornwort
Spores Sporangium tissue
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Archegonium of a liverwort
egg
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Antheridium of a Liverwort
Sperm
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Pterophyta stem
Waxey cuticle
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Pterophyta Stem
Phloem Xylem
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Phloem Xylem
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Fossilized tissue of a sporophyte and spores
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Hypothetical mechanism for the origin of
alternation of generations in the ancestor of
plants
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Liverworts
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Liverworts
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Hornworts
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Phylum Bryophyta
Multicellular with specialized cells and tissues
but they do not contain any vascular tissue which
restricts their size.
Sporophytes Gametophytes
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Bryophytes Mosses--Sporophyte
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Bryophytes MossesGametophyte Archegonia and
antheridia grow on separate stalks of the same
gametophyte so splashing water is required to
transfer the sperm to the egg
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Bryophytes Mosses
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Bryophytes Mosses Gametophytes
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Quillwort
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Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte
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Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte
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Life Cycle of a MossBryophyte
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Bryophytes Mosses--Gametophyte
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Bryophytes MossesGametophyteSpermEggArchegoniu
m
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Bryophytes Mosses--Sporophyte
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Sporangium
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Bryophytes Mosses--Spores
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Bryophytes Mosses--Protonema
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Small Sporophyte of a liverwort
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Bryophytes Moss--Sporangium
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Sphagnum Moss
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Sphagnum MossGametophyte
Sporophyte
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Sphagnum leaf
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Peat Bog
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protracheophyte polysporangiophytes
Fossil of an early plant with vascular tissue
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SporophyllsLycophyta-Club Moss
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SporophyllsLycophyta-Club Moss
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Whisk Fern
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Division Sphenophyta-Horsetails Silica in cell
walls makes them abrasive. Sporophyte is
predominant generation homosporus
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Division Sphenophyta-Horsetails
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Pterophyta-Ferns
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Branched vascular systems evolved by the fusion
of branched stems
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Pterophyta-Ferns Life Cycle
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Pterophyta-Ferns-fronds-sporophyte
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Pterophyta-Ferns-Sorus
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Pterophyta-Ferns-Sporangium
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Pterophyta-Ferns-Sporangium
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Pterophyta-Ferns-Spore germinating
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Pterophyta-Ferns-Gametophyte
Antheridia Archegonia
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Pterophyta-Ferns-
Archegonia Sperm are flagellated and must
swim in condensation which forms under the
gametophyte to the archegonia
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Young sporophyte growing out of gametophyte
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Pterophyta-Ferns-fronds-sporophyte
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Pterophyta-Ferns-sporophyte-Sori
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Pterophyta-Ferns-sporangia in a sorus
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Carboniferous forest