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The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

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Title: The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child


1
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
  • From
  • The Cyprus Childrens Parliament and
  • The Pancyprian Coordinating Committee for the
    Protection and Welfare of Children
  • Original
    version in Greek by Kyriacos Pastides

2
Important dates
  • 19th century No collective responsibility
    towards children (exploitation, child labor,
    social and economic discrimination)
  • 1924 The Geneva Declaration on the Rights of
    the Child is adopted
  • 1959 The UN Declaration on the Rights of the
    Child is adopted (a moral framework of no
    legislative value)
  • 1979 The International Year for Children
    (discussions on a forthcoming Convention begin)
  • 1989 The UN General Assembly unanimously votes
    for the adoption of the Convention on the Rights
    of the Child

3
General points
  • The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is
    the first legal binding document recognising the
    individual rights of children all over the world.
    In its 54 articles, it sets the fundamental
    requisites for the protection and welfare of
    children. It was unanimously adopted by the UN
    General Assembly on the 20th November 1989 and
    put into effect in 1990. Almost all UN Member
    States, including Cyprus, have ratified the
    Convention.

4
1990 A year to remember!...
  • Within the November 1990 Childrens Week,
    thousands of Cypriot children of all ages
    participated in a rally through Nicosia streets
    to the Parliament building, demanding the
    immediate ratification of the UN Convention on
    the Rights of the Child. A month later, the
    Republic of Cyprus ratified the Convention.

5
  • So, Cyprus
  • Ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the
    Child in
  • December 1990
  • with the 243 Law of 1990.
  • When a state ratifies an international convention
    it becomes automatically obliged to amend its
    legislation in such a way as to ensure full
    compliance with its provisions. It should be
    noted that ratified international conventions are
    placed above national legislations.

6
The preambleState parties
  • Considering that recognizing the dignity and
    equal and inseparable rights for all is a
    foundation to freedom, justice and peace in the
    world

7
  • Taking into consideration
  • That all peoples decided to promote social
    progress and better living conditions

8
  • Recognizing
  • That the United Nations proclaimed and agreed
    that each and every individual is entitled to
    enjoy all rights regardless of race, color,
    gender, language, religion , political or other
    convictions

9
  • Reminding
  • That children are entitled to special aid and
    support

10
  • Convinced
  • That the family should have the necessary
    protection and support in order to be able to
    fulfill its community role

11
  • Recognizing
  • That in order for children to harmoniously
    develop their personality they should be raised
    in a family setting within a climate of
    happiness, love and understanding

12
  • Feeling
  • That it is important to prepare the child to live
    an independent personal life within society and
    with the ideals of peace, dignity, tolerance,
    freedom, equality and solidarity

13
  • Taking into consideration
  • That the need to give children special
    protection was mentioned in the Geneva
    Declaration of 1924 and that children, because of
    their physical and mental immaturity, need
    special protection and care along with adequate
    legal protection both before and after birth

14
  • Reminding
  • The special mention of placement into care or for
    adoption and the rules, regulations and
    procedures governing such cases

15
  • Recognizing
  • That in each and every country of the world there
    exist children who live under very difficult
    conditions and that special attention should be
    given to these particular children

16
  • Taking into serious account
  • The importance of cultural heritage and tradition
    in the protection and development of children

17
  • Recognizing
  • The importance of international cooperation for
    the improvement of childrens life conditions in
    all countries, especially the ones under
    development

18
  • Member States

Agree to promote
THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
19
The four principles
  • The Convention states that all
  • individuals under 18 years of age
  • are considered to be children. It is
  • based on four basic principles
  • The Principle of the Right to Survival
  • The Principle of the Right to Protection
  • The Principle of the Right to Life, Evolution and
    Development
  • The Principle of the Right to Respect Childrens
    Views and the Right to Participation

20
1. The Right to Survival
  • Covering the right to life and the basic needs
    for a childs survival adequate life conditions,
    a house, adequate food, clean water and medical
    care.

21
2. The Rights to Protection
  • They demand that children are protected from all
    forms of abuse, neglect or exploitation. They
    cover cases such as refugee children, tortured
    children, children in various institutions, child
    soldiers, child labour, drug abuse and sexual
    exploitation and they demand special protection
    and care.

                                  
22
3. The Rights to Development
  • They include everything that children need in
    order o develop their full capacities and
    abilities. For example, the right to play and
    recreation, the right to education, the right to
    cultural life, the right to access information,
    the right to freedom of thought and religion.

23
4. The Rights to Participation
  • They allow children to play an active role in
    their societies and their nations. They include
    the right to free expression of opinion, the
    right to comment on issues concerning them and
    their life, the right to participate in all kinds
    of cultural events, the right to organize.

24
The Articles
  • The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
    comprises 54 Articles that could be divided into
    three parts

25
  • PART ONE
  • 1. Definition
  • 2. Discriminations
  • 3. Care
  • 4. The Member State
  • 5. Parental Support
  • 6. Survival and Development
  • 7. Name and Nationality
  • 8. Identity
  • 9. Life with Parents
  • 10. Family reunion

26
  • 11. Abduction / Detainment
  • 12. Freedom of Opinion
  • 13. Freedom of Expression
  • 14. Freedom of Thought and Religion
  • 15. Freedom to organize
  • 16. Personal Life
  • 17. Access to Information
  • 18. Parental Responsibility
  • 19. Abuse / Neglect
  • 20. Protection / Orphans

27
  • 21. Adoption
  • 22. Refugee Children
  • 23. Children with Special Needs
  • 24. Health and Health Services
  • 25. Reconsidering Care
  • 26. Social Services
  • 27. Standard of Life
  • 28. Education
  • 29. Educational targets
  • 30. Minority Children
  • 31. Play and Recreation

28
  • 32. Child labour
  • 33. Protection from drugs
  • 34. Sexual exploitation
  • 35. Child trafficking
  • 36. Other forms of exploitation
  • 37. Torture and loss of freedom
  • 38. Armed conflicts and War
  • 39. Inclusion - rehabilitation
  • 40. Justice
  • 41. Recognition

29
Article 12
  • State Parties guarantee to any child that has
    the ability to judge, the right to free
    expression of his opinion on any issue relevant
    to him, taking into consideration the childs age
    and maturity.

30
Article 13
  • The child has the right to free expression.
    This right includes the freedom to seek, gather
    and disseminate information and ideas of any kind
    and on any issue, irrespective of borders, either
    in oral or written or printed or artistic form or
    in any other form of his choice.

31
Article 16
  • No child could be subject to arbitrary or
    illegal interference in his private life, in his
    family, in his home or in his correspondence nor
    could he be subject to arbitrary or illegal
    insults of his reputation and honour.

32
Article 19
  • State Parties take all necessary legal,
    administrative, social and educational measures
    to protect the child from any form of violence,
    insult, corporal or mental punishment,
    abandonment, neglect, abuse or exploitation
    including sexual abuse and exploitation at all
    times, be him under the care of both or one
    parent or in custody or under the care of a legal
    representative or any other person to whom his
    care was entrusted.

33
Article 30
  • In countries where ethnic or religious minorities
    or indigenous peoples exist, an indigenous child
    or a child of any minority could not be denied
    the right to his own cultural life, the right to
    believe and exercise his own religion or the
    right to use his on language along with the other
    members of his group.

34
Article 32
  • State Parties recognize the right of the child to
    be protected from economic exploitation and from
    any labour that could be dangerous to his life,
    to his education, to his health corporal,
    mental, psychological or moral or to his social
    development.

35
PART TWO
  • Implementation and Monitoring Articles 42 to 45.
  • They define the monitoring mechanism for the
    implementation of the Convention and a relevant
    body is instituted for this purpose, the UN
    Committee on Childrens Rights.

36
PART THREE
  • POSSIBLE AMENDMENTS ARTICLES 46 to 54They
    include regulations on possible future amendments
    to any article of the Convention.

37
According to the UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child, students have the following rights
  • The right to free expression of their opinion
  • The right to disagree with the official opinion
    of the Ministry, the Headmaster, the Professor or
    Teacher
  • The right to freely disseminate ideas or
    information within the school, in written or oral
    form
  • The right to freely hand flyers, announcements,
    magazines or other printed material to fellow
    students within the school
  • The right to freely organize, rally or protest
    without anybody having the right to interfere or
    stop them
  • The right to participate and the right to have
    their opinion respected in all issues and
    decisions that directly or indirectly affect them
    in respect to the school system, regulations or
    administration

38
According to the ConventionIn the Family
  • All members are equal regardless their age
  • Children have the right to express their opinion
    and that opinion should be heard and respected
  • Children have the right to deny to follow an
    order given by the parents if they feel it would
    be harmful to their best interest or if it
    insults their beliefs or convictions
  • Children have the right to demand good life
    conditions and family serenity
  • Children have the right to chose family
    activities
  • In the case of divorce, children have the right
    to chose where and with which parent they wish to
    stay

39
All these are valid given that
  • Any action taken as a result of the
    implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights
    of the Child, is not contrary to national
    legislation of a democratic society, is not
    threatening to national interest or national
    security or public order or public health or
    public morals or the rights an freedoms of other
    citizens.

40
Why is the Convention important?
  • It is the first legally binding document on
    Childrens Rights
  • Failure to implement the Convention results in
    legal consequences and penalties
  • It is universally recognized and accepted
  • Almost all countries in the world have ratified
    it and try to conform by amending their
    legislation
  • State Parties are monitored by special Committees
    and Institutions

41
Who monitors the implementation in Cyprus?
  • The Office of the Ombudsperson for the Protection
    of Childrens Rights
  • In cooperation with the Pancyprian
  • Coordinating Committee for the Protection
  • and Welfare of Children (PCCPWC)

42
  • The Un Convention on the Rights of the Child
    EXISTS!
  • Is it implemented?
  • Is the implementation monitored properly?
  • Do children know and demand their rights?
  • What is the States responsibility?
  • What is the Childrens Parliament responsibility?
  • What is YOUR responsibility?
  • THINK ABOUT IT!!!

43
Oooooh! Is it not over yet?
?? Got the message!
Oh! Enough!!
Im so sleepy
Hey Im bored!
  • Any way thanks for your patience!
  • THE CYPRUS CHILDRENS PARLIAMENT

44
PCCPWC
CHILDREN'S PARLIAMENT


CHILDREN'S RIGHTS RECOGNITION
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