Africa

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Africa
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Note Taking Instructions

• Only write down information on slides with a red
  box.
• We will discuss many things about Africa, and
  participation is required.

Watch for these red boxes!
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Africa Just the Facts

• 2nd largest continent
• 2nd most populous continent
• 887,000,000
• Found in all 4 hemispheres
• 54 countries

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Surprising facts

• Nearly ½ of Africas population is under 15
  years old
• Only 10 of roads are paved
• Deserts cover 1/3 of Africa

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Northern Africa
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Sahara Desert

• Largest desert (3.5 million miles)
• expanding south at an average of ½ mile a month!
  
• as large as the USA!
• Temperature differences between day night in
  the Sahara desert can range as much as 100F

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Sahara Desert
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Nile River

• Longest River in the world (4132 miles)
• The Delta is at the Mediterranean Sea

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In the middle of the desert
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Aswan High Dam
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Adaptations in Northern Africa

• Population lives next to sources of water
• Saharan inhabitants are nomadic
• Nomads wear long loose clothing
• Technology
• Trucks are replacing camels
• Satellite phones
• Aswan High Dam

QUESTION 1 WRITE THIS DOWN!
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Central and Southern Africa
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Lake Victoria
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Lake Victoria

• approximately 26,800 mi2
• Buchanan County 410 mi2
• larger than the state of West Virginia (24,077
  mi2)

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Victoria Falls
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Victoria Falls

• height of 360 ft
• twice as high as Niagara Falls
• largest sheet of falling water in the world
• 1 mile wide

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Kilimanjaro

• tallest free-standing mountain in the world

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Kilimanjaro
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Rainforest
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Rainforest

• It is shrinking rapidly due mostly to subsistence
  farming collecting firewood for heating/cooking

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Rainforest

• 90 of Africas rainforests have been destroyed

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• When the rainforest disappears, so do the animals
  and plants that need it to survive

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• poaching elephants ivory tusks hides

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• removing the tusks of a recently killed elephant

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Buyers going through a warehouse
• Ivory is illegal in much of the world today

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Rhino horns hides are illegal but sought after,
  much like elephant tusks

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• A prized rhino will bring a nice price at
  market once he is skinned and has his horns
  removed

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• A sample of rhino horns

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Some animals have been poached as trophies for
  the wealthy, but today most are being killed for
  another reason

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Animals are hunted and sold as bush-meat in local
  open-air markets.
• A few large operations have shipped meat off to
  Europe, but most stays local.

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Hunter keeps latest gorilla head as a trophy
  proudly displays it on his kitchen table for
  friends to see!

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Male mandrill bought at an open-air market by a
  local shopper looking for a special dinner

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Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Shipped to bush-meat market still alive in order
  to receive a higher price

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Natural Resources
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Natural Resources

• S. Africa is 1 in the mining of Gold diamonds
  in the world

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Natural Resources

• Coal used to generate electricity

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Natural Resources

• Uranium fission (breaking apart) of atom
  creates nuclear reaction. Used in nuclear power
  plants and nuclear weapons

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Natural Resources

• silver

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Natural Resources

• Limestone used as a common building material

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Natural Resources

• Petroleum

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Adaptations in Central/Southern Africa

• Subsistence farming-living off the land
• Harvesting bush meat
• Cutting rainforest down for firewood
• Use of natural resources

QUESTION 2 WRITE THIS DOWN!
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Illegal/Questionable Activities

• Poaching of endangered species
• Elimination of Rainforest
• Exploitation of Natural Resources

QUESTION 3 WRITE THIS DOWN! ANSWER QUESTION 4
WITH YOUR OWN OPINION
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Africa has developed at a slower rate than the
rest of the world
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Governmental Systems

• Today in Africa, we find different types of
  governmental systems

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Governmental Systems

• Monarchy countries such as Swaziland Morocco
  where the monarch has absolute control (traditi
  onal clothing)
• King Mohammed VI King Mswati III

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Governmental Systems

• Parliamentary democracy (prime minister or
  president) South Africa, Botswana (most of
  Africa)

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Governmental Systems

• Military dictatorship Libya, Egypt
• Muammar Gaddafi Muhammad Hosni Mubarak

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guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict

• Most of Africa was colonized by European nations
  but internal problems have plagued them since
  gaining independence

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guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict

• About 1200-1500 different languages spoken in
  Africa
• The lack of communication has led to poor
  relations between different groups
• necessary for lingua franca

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guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict

• There are many different ethnic groups (estimated
  800)
• warring tribes still living today in Africa
• very hard to have a unified govt voice

• Ethnic fighting between Tutsis and Hutus heads
  from a Tutsis mass grave

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Standard of Living
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Standard of Living

• Life expectancy lowest in world
• worlds shortest life expectancy 51 yrs
• (50 male/52 female)

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Standard of Living

• malaria causes 3000 children to die/day
• over 1 million/yr most in sub-Saharan Africa

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Standard of Living

• What are the signs and symptoms of malaria?
• fever and flu-like illness
• shaking chills
• headache
• muscle aches
• tiredness
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea

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Standard of Living

• What it will do to a person
• cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the
  skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood
  cells
• may cause kidney failure
• seizures
• mental confusion
• coma
• death

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Standard of Living

• 38 million people are at risk for starvation

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Standard of Living

• over 50 of people with HIV live in sub-Saharan
• ¾ of 3 million AIDS related-deaths in 2005
• 2/3 of the 5 million new HIV cases in this region

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Babies with HIV
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Standard of Living

• highest birth rate (41/1000)

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Standard of Living

• worlds highest population growth rate (887
  million in 2005 total pop.) 2.4

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• Most of Sub-Saharan Africa is in the World Bank's
  lowest income category of less than 765 Gross
  National Income (GNI) per person per year.
• Ethiopia and Burundi are the worst off with just
  90 GNI per person.

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Becoming a Developed Country
QUESTION 5 WRITE THIS DOWN!

• Political challenges
• Oppressive governments
• Conflicts between countries
• Economic challenges
• Limited resources and technology
• Poor education- low skill jobs
• Resources are exported to other countries
• Social Challenges
• Variety of languages
• Disease/Famine

ANSWER QUESTION 6 IN YOUR OWN OPINION
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Questions 7 and 8

• Significance of the Sahara Desert
• Largest Desert in the World
• Significance of the Nile River
• Longest River in the World

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Label physical features on the map
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Label countries on the map