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The U. S. Department of Energy Fossil Energy Fuel Cell Program Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance Goals and Challenges

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Title: The U. S. Department of Energy Fossil Energy Fuel Cell Program Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance Goals and Challenges


1
The U. S. Department of Energy Fossil Energy Fuel
Cell Program Solid State Energy Conversion
Alliance Goals and Challenges
  • WVU Conference on
  • Coal Based Fuel Cell Technology Status, Needs
    and Future Applications
  • Randall Gemmen
  • for
  • Wayne A. Surdoval
  • 11 October 2007

Research Group Leader for Fuel Cells Research
National Energy Technology Laboratory U. S.
Department of Energy
2
Clean Coal Power Initiative
"More than half of the electricity generated in
America today comes from coal. If we weren't
blessed with this natural resource, we would face
even greater energy shortages and higher prices
today. Yet, coal presents an environmental
challenge. So our plan funds research into new,
clean coal technologies."
Statement by President George W. Bush
National
Energy Policy
May 17, 2001
3
FutureGen2003

Today I am pleased to announce that the United
States will sponsor a 1 billion, 10-year
demonstration project to create the world's first
coal-based, zero-emissions electricity and
hydrogen power plant . . . . Statement by the
President February 27, 2003
4
DOEs Office of Fossil EnergyAdvanced (Coal)
Power Systems Goals
  • 2010
  • 45-50 Efficiency (HHV)
  • 99 SO2 removal
  • NOxlt 0.01 lb/MM Btu
  • 90 Hg removal
  • 1,000/kW (2002 )
  • 2012
  • 90 CO2 capture
  • lt10 increase in COE with carbon sequestration
  • 2015
  • Multi-product capability (e.g., power H2)
  • 60 efficiency (measured without carbon capture)

5
Why Fuel Cells in a Coal Plant (FutureGen)?
  • Permits high efficiency gasification
  • Multiple options for Carbon Capture, remove gt 90
  • High Power Station Efficiency ?60 HHV?
  • Near Zero Emissions e.g., NOx lt 0.5ppm
  • No Impact on Cost of Electricity with SECA goals
  • Meet environmental regulations? able to site and
    produce energy from coal in any state in the U.S.

6
SECA Coal Based Systems (IGFC)
Air Separation
Air
CO2,CO, H2, H2O
O2
SOFC
Gas Cleaning
Solvent CO2 Separation
purge
CO, H2
Anode Cathode
H2O
H2O
Gasifier
Coal
Air
Air
Sulfur Recovery
Heat Recovery e.g.,Turbine
CO2
Sequestration
Marketable Ash/Slag By-product
MarketableSulfur By-product
Unmineable Coal Beds
Depleted Oil Gas Reservoirs
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Deep Saline Aquifer
7
Department of Energy
Secretary Dr. Samuel Bodman Deputy
Secretary Clay Sell
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Assistant Secretary for Policy International
Affairs
Bonneville Power Administration
Assistant Secretary for Congressional
Intergovernmental Affairs
Under Secretary Dennis R. Spurgeon (Acting)
Under Secretary for Science Dr. Raymond L. Orbach
Under Secretary for Nuclear Security/Administrato
r for National Nuclear Security
Administration Thomas P. DAgostino, Acting
General Counsel
Health, Safety Security
Southeastern Power Administration
Associate Administrator for Emergency Operations
Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Office of Science
Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs
Chief Information Officer
Southwestern Power Administration
Economic Impact Diversity
Associate Administrator for Infrastructure
Environment
Deputy Administrator for Defense
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Energy Information Administration
Inspector General
Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management
Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Western Area Power Administration
Associate Administrator for Management
Administration
Basic Energy Sciences
Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors
Hearings Appeals
Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy
Chief Financial Officer
Associate Administrator for Defense
Nuclear Security
Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy
Biological Environmental Research
Deputy Under Secretary for Counter-terrorism
Intelligence and Counterintelligence
Human Capital Management
Civilian Radioactive Waste Management
Fusion Energy Science
Management
Public Affairs
Electricity Delivery Energy Reliability
High Energy Physics
Legacy Management
Nuclear Physics
Workforce Development for Teachers Scientists
10/26/2005
Deputy Secretary also serves as Chief Operating
Officer
8
Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance
(SECA)Historical Budget
Millions
9
Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) FY
08 Request .62.025 Million
10
SECA Program Structure
Industry Input
Program Management
Project Management
Research Topics
Needs
Fuel Chemistry
Fuel Processing
S M A L L B U S I N E S S
S M A L L B U S I N E S S
N A T I O N A L L A B
N A T I O N A L L A B
SECA Cost Reduction
U N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T Y
I N D U S T R Y
I N D U S T R Y
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
SECA Coal Based Systems
Balance of Plant
Technology Transfer
Coal Contaminants
Coal Contaminants
SECA Manufacturing
Modeling Simulation
Modeling Simulation
Industry Integration Teams
Materials
Materials
Core Technology Program
11
SECA Industry TeamsFY 2001 FY 2007Complete
SECA Industry Team Location Prototype NETL Validation
General Electric Torrance, CA Complete Pass
Delphi Rochester, NY Complete Pass
Fuel Cell Energy Calgary, BC Complete Pass
Acumentrics Westwood, MA Complete Pass
Siemens Power Group Pittsburgh, PA Complete Pass
Cummins Power Gen. Minneapolis, MN Complete Pass
Size Efficiency Degradation Availability Cost
Target 3 10 kW 35 (LHV) 4/1,000 hrs 90
Aggregate Team Performance 3 7 kW 35.4 41 2/1,000 hrs 97 724 - 775/kW
12
Short Stack Performance Example
13
Electrical Performance of Surface-Treated 441
LSM cathode, LSM contact paste, 800oC, air
14
Research Priorities SECA Cost Reduction
Gas Seals Glass and Compressive Seals Compliant Seals Self-healing Materials High Temperature Seal Brazes
Failure Analysis Models with Electrochemistry Define Operating Window Structural Failure Analysis Design Criteria
Cathode performance Optimize Microstructure Mixed Conduction New Active Materials Understand Mechanism Ad-atom Modification of Surface Modification through Infiltration
Interconnect Coatings Electrode to Interconnect Interface Contact Material Inexpensive Processing/Removal of Tramp Elements
Heat Exchangers/ High Temperature Blowers Cost and Reliability Design Guidelines
15
Research Priorities SECA Coal Based Systems
Failure Analysis Combined Phenomenological Models with Electrochemistry Structural failure Analysis Design Criteria Maximum Cell Size Maximum Thermal Gradients Transient Operating Conditions Pressure Effects
Anode / Coal Contaminants Catalyst Surface Modification Characterize Thermodynamics/Kinetics/ Contaminants Multi-component Catalysts Pressure Effects
Power Electronics Improve Efficiency Reduce Cooling Requirement Optimize Topology
High Temperature Heat Exchangers/ High Temperature Blowers/Compressors Enable High Efficiency Reduce Stack Cooling Requirement Recover High Quality Heat Reliability of Components
Risk Level
Low
Moderate
High
16
New SolicitationSECA Core Technology and
Innovative ConceptsDE-PS26-07NT43208
  • Announced August 20, 2007
  • Download application at https//e-center.doe.gov/
  • Applications due January 15, 2008
  • Expected award date May 2, 2008
  • 1-2 awards each in 4 areas of interest (18 mo,
    Phase I)
  • Theory, Investigation, Stability of Cathode
    Electrocatalytic Activity (250K DOE)
  • Performance Degradation of LSCF Cathodes
    (200K-2,000K DOE)
  • Novel Fuel Cells for Coal Based Systems (200K
    DOE)
  • Sealing Systems Based on Viscous Glass (250K DOE)

17
For More Information About the DOE Office of
Fossil Energy Fuel Cell Program
  • NETL website
  • www.netl.doe.gov
  • FutureGen Alliance website
  • www.futuregenalliance.org
  • Office of Fossil Energy website
  • ww.fe.doe.gov

Reference Shelf
  • CDs available from the website
  • FE Fuel Cell Program Annual Report _2007
  • 8th Annual SECA Workshop Proceedings (Coming
    Soon)
  • Fuel Cell Handbook (7th ed.)

Wayne A. SurdovalTechnology Manager, Fuel
CellsNational Energy Technology LaboratoryU. S.
Department of Energy(Tel) 412 386-6002(Fax) 412
386-4516 wayne.surdoval_at_netl.doe.gov
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