Tudors

1
1485-1603
1485-1603
Tudors
Lady Jane Grey
Henry V11
Mary 1
Henry V111
Elizabeth 1
Edward V1
Timeline
Life in Tudor Times
2
1485-1509
1485-1509
Henry V11
Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England and
Wales after defeating Richard III at the Battle
of Bosworth in August 1485. This battle saw the
end of the Wars of the Roses.
The Wars of the Roses had been a battle between
two of England's most powerful families.
The House of York and the House of Lancaster.
The emblem of the House of York was a white rose.
The emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red
rose.
To bring the two families closer together he
married Elizabeth of York.
He was the first Tudor King and reigned for 24
years until 1509.
3
1509-1547
1509-1547
Henry V111
Henry Vlll was born at Greenwich on 28 June 1491,
the second son of Henry V11 and Elizabeth of
York.
Henry wanted a son to rule after him. He married
six times.
Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and
became head of the Church of England.
Henry had many hobbies from hunting to music and
song writing.
Henry built fine palaces, and fought wars against
France and Scotland.
Henry's main aim was to make sure that the
Tudors would keep on ruling England after he
died.
He believed that only a boy could inherit his
kingdom.
4
The six wives of Henry V111
"Divorced, beheaded, died. Divorced, beheaded,
survived..."
"Divorced, beheaded, died. Divorced, beheaded,
survived..."
Catherine of Aragon
Ann of Cleaves
A Spanish Princess who had been married to
Henrys brother, Arthur. They had a daughter,
Mary.
Anne of Cleaves and Henry were married in 1540 to
form a tie between England and Germany. After
only six months Henry found it no longer to be to
his advantage.
Divorced
Divorced
Anne Boleyn
Catherine Howard
She married Henry in 1533. They had a daughter,
Elizabeth.
Catherine Howard and Henry were married the same
year in 1540.
Executed
Executed
Jane Seymour
Katherine Parr
Married her a few days after Anne was executed in
1536. They had a boy who they named Edward.
Catherine Parr was Henry's sixth and last wife.
She outlived Henry
Jane died of blood poisoning
Survived
5
1547-1553
1547-1553
Edward V1
The only son of Henry V111.
He became King at the age of nine.
He was known as The Boy King.
His mother was Jane Seymore.
Edward was never well and the country was run by
his protectors, The Duke of Somerset and then the
Duke of Northumberland.
He enjoyed reading about battles and writing
Greek.
After his death, the Duke of Northumberland named
Lady Jane Grey as the next Queen.
6
1553
1553
Lady Jane Grey
Ruled for nine days
Lady Jane Grey was a great- granddaughter of
Henry V11.
She was regarded as one of the most learned women
of the day.
Lady Jane Grey was a Protestant.
The Duke of Northumberland didnt want Mary, a
Catholic, on the throne.
Mary had a lot of support. She deposed Jane and
had her arrested.
Jane refused to become a Catholic and was
executed. Mary became Queen.
7
1553-1558
1553-1558
Mary 1
Mary wanted to change England to a Catholic
Country.
She was the elder daughter of Henry V111 and
Katherine of Aragon.
Mary burned nearly 300 people at the stake
because they refused to become Catholic.
Mary made herself even more unpopular by marrying
Philip of Spain.
They had no children.
Her younger sister became Queen after she died in
1558.
8
1558-1603
1558-1603
Elizabeth 1
Elizabeth was the last Tudor Monarch. She was
born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the
younger daughter of Henry V111 and Ann Boleyn.
She made England Protestant again and fought
against Spain.
The Tudor period ended with the death of Queen
Elizabeth I on 24th March 1603 after 45 years on
the throne. She had no husband or children to
succeed her.
Elizabeths rule is remembered as the Golden Age
During Elizabeth's reign the age of exploration
began with explorers such as Francis Drake
claiming new lands for England and introducing
new materials and foods.
9
1485-1603
1485-1603
Timeline
1485 The War of the Roses ends at the Battle of
Bosworth. Henry Tudor is crowned Henry VII.
1485-1509 Reign of King Henry VII. 1492
Christopher Columbus discovered the West Indies
1497 John Cabot, the English explorer,
discovered Newfoundland. He left Bristol on his
ship, the Matthew, looking for a sea route to
Asia. He ended up in North America, the first
European to reach there since the Vikings. 1498
Christopher Columbus discovered Trinidad in the
Caribbean Sea. 1499 A plague epidemic killed
thousands of people in London. 1509 - 1547
Henry VII died and his son Henry VIII succeeded
to the throne 1513 Henry VIII invaded France
and King James IV of Scotland is killed at the
battle of Flodden. 1524 Population of Britain
2.3 million. 6 of the population lived in towns.
3 in London 1528 Henry VIII sacks Cardinal
Wolsey for failing to persuade the pope to grant
him divorce. 1534 Henry VIII forms the 'Church
of England'. Henry is confirmed as 'Supreme Head
of the Church of England 'following a
parliamentary Act of Supremacy 1535 Act of Union
makes Wales part of England 1535 The first
Bible printed in English is placed in Churches.
1536-1539 Dissolution of the Monasteries
(Destruction or closure of 560 monasteries and
religious houses)
10
1485-1603
1485-1603
Timeline
1541 Population of Britain 2.7 million. 1542
Mary, Queen of Scots lays claim to the English
throne 1544 Henry VIII invades northern France
1545 The French attempt to invade England and
the Mary Rose sinks in Portsmouth harbour.
1547-1553 The reign of King Edward Vl. Many new
schools and colleges founded. 1553-1558 Reign
of Queen Mary Tudor 1558 Elizabeth I begins her
45 year reign 1561 Mary, Queen of Scots returns
to Scotland 1567 Mary Queen of Scots gives
throne of Scotland to James 1569 Population of
Britain 3.2 million. 1570 Sir Francis Drake sets
sail for his first voyage to the West Indies
1577 Drake becomes the second person to go
round the world 1585-1604 England and Spain at
war 1587 Queen Elizabeth I executes Mary, Queen
of Scots 1588 The Armada fleet of Philip II of
Spain attempts to invade England, but is defeated
1591 First performance of a play by William
Shakespeare 1600 First British involvement in
the Indian continent - East India Company
formed. Population of Britain just over 4
million. 10 of the population lived in towns.
1603 Queen Elizabeth I died. King James of
Scotland becomes the first Stuart king of
England. End of Tudor Times
11
1485-1603
1485-1603
Life in Tudor Times
Life in the Towns
Buildings
Travel
Schools
Life for the Poor
Punishment
Games
Mary Rose
12
1485-1603
1485-1603
Life in the Towns
Town Houses
Buildings in Newcastle-u-Lyme
A butchers shop in Bridge Street
Houses were timber framed of two or three
storeys.
To provide more space upstairs the upper storeys
often projected over the lower storeys.
This made the streets very dark and crowded.
Most merchants and craftsmen lived and worked in
the same building, the shop part of the building
being open to the street.
A Pub in Lads Lane
Towns also had many inns, a market hall, a
grammar school and a guildhall.
Some important buildings would be built of stone.
The Streets
13
1485-1603
1485-1603
Life in the Towns
Streets
There was no proper drainage in Tudor Towns.
Open sewers often ran down the middle of streets
straight into rivers and wells.
All waste was thrown onto the streets.
Diseases spread very quickly.
14
1485-1603
1485-1603
Buildings
Bridge Street, Newcastle-u-Lyme
Most ordinary homes in Tudor times were half
timbered.
They had wooden frames and the spaces between
were filled with small sticks and wet clay called
wattle and daub.
Daub is a mixture of clay, sand and dung that is
smeared into and over the wattle to make the
wall.
The daub was often painted with lime to make it
look white.
The wooden timbers were coated with tar to stop
them rotting.
Many Tudor houses had thatched roofs
Glass was expensive so windows were small.
15
1485-1603
1485-1603
Travel
The major land routes were based on the Roman
roads.
They were difficult to keep in good repair.
Each parish or town was responsible for the
upkeep of the roads.
Some didnt do a good job.
Many were rutted and uncomfortable to travel on.
Without lighting they could be dangerous at night.
Many people didnt travel at all.
16
1485-1603
1485-1603
Schools
Not many children went to school in Tudor times.
Those that did go were mainly the sons of wealthy
families.
Girls were either kept at home by their parents
to help with housework or sent out to work to
bring money in for the family.
Many Tudor towns and villages had a parish school
where the local vicar taught boys to read and
write.
The boys practiced writing in ink by copying the
alphabet and the Lord's Prayer.
There were few books, so pupils read from
hornbooks instead.
It was usual for children to attend six days a
week.
Teachers were very strict, often beating their
pupils with birches if they misbehaved.
17
1485-1603
1485-1603
Life for the Poor
The poor were divided into three groups.
The first were called Helpless Poor.
These would include the old, the sick, the
disabled and children.
The second group was called the Able Bodied
Poor.
These were people who could work but also wanted
to work.
The third group were known as Rogues and
Vagabonds.
These were people who could work but preferred to
beg or steal.
18
1485-1603
1485-1603
Punishment
People who committed crimes could be put in the
stocks. They always stood where lots of people
would pass and they would throw things at the
criminals.
Most towns had a ducking chair . The chair was
kept near a pond or river and was hung on a
see-saw.
Other people could be burned at the stake.
Beggars were a big problem because people were
afraid of them. If they became a nuisance they
were dragged through the streets being whipped.
19
1485-1603
1485-1603
Games

• The Tudor kings and queens encouraged archery .

• People played other games like ours. Bowls was a
  favourite and some towns had bowling alleys

• They used to play games like hockey the sticks
  were curved and the ball was wooden.

• The favourite game was football . Any number
  could play and there was no referee. Villages
  challenged each other and nearly every match
  ended with cracked heads and other injuries.

• Hunting, fishing, fencing and tennis were also
  played.

• The tudors also liked to go to bull and bear
  baiting rings.

20
1485-1603
1485-1603
Mary Rose
Heading for action in 1545, Henry VIII's
favourite warship sank in the Solent with up to
700 men on board.
In 1528 and again in 1536 the Mary Rose was
rebuilt, having her weight increased from 500 to
700 tons and mounting 91 guns. The refits are
thought to have added an extra deck, making her
top-heavy and liable to roll in heavy seas.
In 1545, King Francis I of France launched an
invasion of England
As the Mary Rose advanced to battle she capsized
and sank with the loss of all but 35 of her crew.
It is theorized that her undisciplined crew had
neglected to close the lower gunports after
firing at the galleys, so that when she heeled in
the breeze she filled with water and turned over.