Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below

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Title: Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below


1
Learning Goal Describe carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids.Warm-up Please
identify the main types of biomolecules in the
foods pictured below
  • Pancake butter
  • syrup bacon orange juice

2
BIOMOLECULES
  • Biological molecules, or biomolecules, are built
    by joining atoms through covalent bonds.
  • These smaller units are called monomers.
  • MACROMOLECULES (large molecules)
  • made by polymerization -large compounds built by
    joining smaller ones together.
  • 4 key macromolecules, critical for life.
  • carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and proteins.

3
CHONPS The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life
  • Most biological molecules are made from covalent
    combinations of six important elements, whose
    chemical symbols are CHNOPS.
  • Although more than 25 types of elements can be
    found in biomolecules, six elements are most
    common. These are called the CHNOPS elements the
    letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of
    carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus,
    and sulfur.

4
CARBOHYDRATES
  • 121 RATIO of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
  • Main source of energy for living things
  • Monomers are glucose, fructose, and galactose
  • Also has structural purpose for living things.
  • Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose
  • Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

5
Carbohydrates
6
Carbohydrates- Glycogen
7
LIPIDS
  • Made of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen. NOT soluble in
    water.
  • store energy
  • part of the cell membrane
  • Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double
    bonds
  • Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double
    bonds between carbons.
  • Monomers consist of fatty acids plus glycerol

8
LIPIDS- Cell Membrane
9
Proteins
10
PROTEINS
  • Composed of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and
    Oxygen.
  • Monomers are called amino acids
  • Control rate of reactions,also function in
    transport and formation of bone and muscle cells.
  • Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition
    process.

11
NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • Composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon,
    and Phosphorus.
  • Monomers are called nucleotides.
  • Phosphate group
  • Nitrogenous base
  • Sugar
  • Store and transmit hereditary information.
  • ex. DNA , RNA

12
Nucleic Acids
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