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APES Getting Started Guide

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Global markets consume rainforest products that depend on ... Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Describe some of the consequences of tropical rainforest destruction. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: APES Getting Started Guide


1
APES Getting Started Guide
  • What do I have to do to be successful and still
    keep my sanity in tact, while trying to have a
    life ?

2
  • 1. Be familiar with the APES Web Page,
    www.ehsscience.com
  • Read assigned pages at home and learn the
    objectives.
  • Go the textbook web page and answer all quiz
    questions.
  • Dont wait till the last minute to begin your
    project.
  • Know how to write a lab report, as posted on the
    web page.
  • Always ask questions when you get stuck or dont
    understand something.
  • Dont get intimidated, I am always here to help
    you.
  • Visit the web page often., keep a journal!
  • Use study groups or a study buddy to learn
    concepts.
  • Relax and take a genuine interest in
    Environmental Science

3
Your Journal!Only fools represent themselves in
court and rely on memory alone!
  1. Includes chapter notes!
  2. Includes class notes!
  3. Returned papers!
  4. On-line quiz and essay questions!
  5. Chapter and class objective answers!
  6. Class and web research!
  7. Project information!

4
Define environmental science and explain why
environmental sustainability is an important
concern of environmental science.
5
"Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs" is one widely accepted
definition of sustainability.
6
Stated differently, it involves reorganizing our
life support systems - agriculture,
transportation, energy production, etc. - so that
life on Earth can be sustained indefinitely.
7
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8
  • With approximately 6.7 billion people on Earth
    now and a projected 9 billion by mid-century, we
    must find ways of reducing consumption of
    resources if we are to avoid dramatic
    environmental degradation and the potential of
    global ecosystem collapse.

9
  • Sustainability does not just consider the
    environmental dimension the social and economic
    dimensions are what round out the triple bottom
    line, a standard of ethical responsibility many
    corporations, institutions, and governments have
    adopted as a guiding principle.

10
Summarize human population issues, including
population size and level of consumption.
11
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12
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13
Approximately 6.6 billion humans now inhabit the
Earth. By comparison, there might be 20 million
mallard ducks and, among a multitude of
threatened and endangered species, perhaps
100,000 gorillas, 50,000 polar bears, and less
than 10,000 tigers, 2,000 giant pandas and 200
California condors
14
Describe the three factors that are most
important in determining human impact on the
environment and solve a problem using the IPAT
equation.
What is the IPAT Equation, or I P X A X T?
15
  • It describes the multiplicative contribution of
    population (P), affluence (A) and technology (T)
    to environmental impact (I). Environmental impact
    (I) may be expressed in terms of resource
    depletion or waste accumulation population (P)
    refers to the size of the human population
    affluence (A) refers to the level of consumption
    by that population and technology (T) refers to
    the processes used to obtain resources and
    transform them into useful goods and wastes.

16
  • In Summary
  • The IPAT equation made a contribution to
    understanding the multiple causes of
    environmental impact, and it continues to be
    developed as a method for improving our
    understanding of these issues. It has not helped
    in identifying sustainable scale, but it is a
    useful framework to assist in thinking about ways
    of reducing environmental impacts by reducing
    various types of throughput.

17
Briefly describe some of the data that suggest
that certain chemicals used by humans may also
function as endocrine disrupters in animals,
including humans.
18
Provide an overview of how human activities have
affected the following the Georges Bank fishery,
tropical migrant birds, wolf populations in
Yellowstone National Park, and invasive species
such as comb jellies and zebra mussels.
19
  • The Tragedy of the Commons on Georges Bank, and
    Elsewhere
  • In the Massachusetts State Capitol there is a
    wooden statue of the Sacred Cod, a tribute to the
    massive fishing ground called Georges Bank. For
    200 years codfish from Georges Bank have enriched
    New England. Now, says the Northeast Fisheries
    Center, the cod population of Georges Bank is
    collapsing.

20
  • Zebra mussels can severely effect native mussels
    and clams by interfering with their feeding,
    growth, movement, respiration, and reproduction.
    For example, zebra mussels can colonize a clam
    shell to such an extent that the clam cannot open
    its shell to eat. Some native mussels have been
    found with more than 10,000 zebra mussels
    attached to them. In addition to colonizing
    native mussels and clams, zebra mussels may
    attach to slow-moving species such as crayfish
    and turtles.

21
  • Neotropical migrant birds are the songbirds that
    represent over 50, more precisely, 340 of the
    600 species, of North American birds. As spring
    begins, more than 300 species of Neotropical
    migratory birds head north to breed and raise
    young in the United States and Canada. In the
    fall they return to warmer climates in tropical
    regions of Mexico, Central America, South
    America, and the Caribbean.

22
Characterize human impacts on the global
atmosphere, including stratospheric ozone
depletion and climate warming.
23
  • No environmental issue as vividly demonstrates
    the impact human-produced chemicals can have on
    nature as the destruction of stratospheric ozone.

24
  • Ozone is a relatively unstable form of molecular
    oxygen containing three oxygen atoms (O3).
    Radiation from the sun continuously bombards the
    Earth's atmosphere, causing molecules to break
    apart into component elements that form into new
    chemical compounds. Ozone is produced when
    upper-atmosphere oxygen molecules (O2) are broken
    apart by ultraviolet light. Most of the freed
    oxygen atoms immediately bond with nearby oxygen
    molecules to form ozone (O O2 O3).

25
  • Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earth's
    upper atmosphere and at ground level. In the
    troposphere, the air closest to the Earth's
    surface, ground-level or "bad" ozone is a
    pollutant that is a significant health risk,
    especially for children with asthma. It also
    damages crops, trees and other vegetation. It is
    a main ingredient of urban smog.

26
Describe some of the consequences of tropical
rainforest destruction.
27
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28
  • Although tropical forests cover only about 7
    percent of the Earths dry land, they probably
    harbor about half of all species on Earth.

29
  • Many species are so specialized to microhabitats
    within the forest that they can only be found in
    small areas. Their specialization makes them
    vulnerable to extinction.

30
  • Global markets consume rainforest products that
    depend on sustainable harvesting latex, cork,
    fruit, nuts, timber, fibers, spices, natural oils
    and resins, and medicines.

31
  • In addition, the genetic diversity of tropical
    forests is basically the deepest end of the
    planetary gene pool. Hidden in the genes of
    plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria that have
    not even been discovered yet may be cures for
    cancer and other diseases or the key to improving
    the yield and nutritional quality of foodswhich
    the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization says
    will be crucial for feeding the nearly ten
    billion people the Earth will likely need to
    support in coming decades.

32
  • Finally, genetic diversity in the planetary gene
    pool is crucial for the resilience of all life on
    Earth to rare but catastrophic environmental
    events, such as meteor impacts or massive,
    sustained volcanism.

Varieties of Soy Beans
33
Define environmental ethics and discuss
distinguishing features of the Western and deep
ecology worldviews.
34
  • Environmental ethics is the discipline that
    studies the moral relationship of human beings
    to, and also the value and moral status of, the
    environment and its nonhuman contents.
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