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Title: Goodheart-Willcox Publisher | Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design | Chapter 1


1
PowerPoint Presentation
PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley
Park, Illinois
2
Chapter 1
  • The World of Architecture

3
Chapter 1 Overview
  • Introduction
  • People and Their Structures
  • Cape Colonials.
  • New England Gambrel.
  • Garrison.
  • Salt Box.
  • Southern Colonial.

(continued)
4
Chapter 1 Overview
  • Contemporary Structures
  • Contemporary style.
  • Ranch design.
  • Trends in Architecture
  • Multifamily Housing
  • Cooperatives.
  • Condominiums.
  • Rental apartments.
  • The Americans with Disabilities Act

5
Learning Objectives
  • Identify the historical influences that helped
    shape todays home designs.
  • Recognize and describe the elements of
    contemporary dwellings.
  • Discuss current trends and influences in
    architecture.
  • Identify types of multifamily housing.

6
Introduction
  • The study of architecture encompasses
  • A sensitivity to design.
  • Skill in drawing techniques.
  • A knowledge of materials.
  • One of the major achievements of humankind is to
    design structures that bring lasting beauty.
  • Good architecture is a rewarding experience for
    those who view it.

(continued)
7
Introduction
  • Some structures are designed for commercial and
    industrial use others are planned for private
    living.
  • The emphasis of this course is on the design,
    architecture, and study of residential structures.

8
Modern Residential Structure
  • This computer-generated rendering shows a
    contemporary home that makes a strong statement
    through its interesting roof and prominent
    architectural lines.

(Helmuth Geiser, Member AIBD)
9
Multifamily Dwelling
  • This multifamily dwelling is reminiscent of an
    earlier architectural style.

10
People and Their Structures
  • Over the years, several architectural styles have
    been developed for house construction.
  • Some structures were developed for a particular
    climate or family needs.
  • Others were planned especially for luxurious
    living.

(continued)
11
People and Their Structures
  • This large, expensive home was designed for
    luxurious living with accommodations for an
    occasionally harsh environment.

12
People and Their Structures
  • Previous styles influence the design of todays
    homes.
  • Some house styles took on names related to their
    shape, period of time, or area of the country
    where they were built.
  • Some of these design qualities are imitated in
    modern homes.

13
Cape Colonials
  • The Cape Colonials were developed over 200 years
    ago.
  • Cape Cod and Cape Ann.
  • These traditional homes have influenced
    structural design ever since.
  • People have enjoyed their aesthetic appeal and
    the comfortable, livable atmosphere they provide.

14
Cape Cod Colonial
  • The Cape Cod is one of the earliest and best
    known of the traditional Colonial styles.
  • It was a fairly small house with a steep roof and
    little overhang.
  • A chimney served the necessary room fireplaces.
  • They were normally built as one- or
    one-and-one-half-story buildings.

(continued)
15
Cape Cod Colonial
  • Eaves line is near the top of the windows ending
    with a gable roof.
  • Narrow trim lines and siding painted white or
    yellow.
  • Shutters were generally used.
  • Many variations of the Cape Cod are used in
    todays structures.

16
Cape Cod Colonial
  • This is a refined version of the traditional Cape
    Cod style.

17
Cape Ann Colonial
  • The Cape Ann is the other Colonial style that is
    used in modern construction.
  • The chimney is centrally located and usually
    large.
  • Tapering gambrel roof encloses an attic that is
    often converted to extra rooms.

(continued)
18
Cape Ann Colonial
  • Provides a house with simple lines, sound
    construction, and a colonial atmosphere.
  • A good choice as a first home for a young growing
    family.
  • Particularly attractive along a tree-shaded
    avenue or on a wooded lot.

19
Cape Ann Colonial
(Western Wood Products Association)
20
New England Gambrel
  • The New England Gambrel is a variation of other
    colonial styles.
  • Features the gambrel roof with a pitch change
    between the ridge and eaves.
  • Inherently American and is used in most every
    section of the country.
  • An advantage is the extra headroom and more
    usable space.

(continued)
21
New England Gambrel
  • The shorter rafter lengths can result in lower
    cost.
  • There are many adaptations of this architectural
    style.
  • Provides a pleasing and enduring home for todays
    families.

22
New England Gambrel
23
Garrison
  • The Garrison is a traditional style house.
  • Distinctive Features
  • Overhanging second story.
  • Separate corner posts on each floor.
  • Economical framing.
  • Extra space on second floor provided by the
    overhang.
  • Steep pitch roof adds attic space.
  • Narrow siding and traditional styling.

24
Garrison
(Western Wood Products Association)
25
Salt Box
  • The Salt Box is an interesting and easily
    recognized Colonial style.
  • Descendant of the Colonial half house.
  • Long roofline gently slopes from the ridge to the
    eaves.
  • The Salt Box gets its name from the shape of
    boxes found in Colonial stores.
  • Accommodates lean-to structures to add more
    living space.

26
Salt Box
(Western Wood Products Association)
27
Southern Colonial
  • The Southern Colonial is the most gracious of all
    the Colonials.
  • Its style reflects the quaintness, warmth, and
    hospitality of the Old South.
  • The outstanding architectural features include
  • Front colonnade and giant portico.
  • Usually massive with upper and lower balconies.

(continued)
28
Southern Colonial
  • Three-story chimneys for bedroom fireplaces.
  • Ornate woodwork and iron trim.
  • Roof over the driveway at the side entrance.
  • Many of the features of the Southern Colonial may
    be adapted to create aesthetically pleasing
    qualities in new homes.

29
Southern Colonial
30
Contemporary Structures
  • Influences of the past have had a profound effect
    on new home design.
  • However, new materials, appliances, and modes of
    living have encouraged new architectural styles.
  • The contemporary style of home has evolved from
    all of these inputs.

31
Contemporary Style
  • Multiple materials, coordinated lines, and
    intricate details give an architectural flair to
    this contemporary style home.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
32
Contemporary Style
  • Unique styling is featured in this contemporary
    residence. Notice the strong vertical lines and
    bold use of curved glass block.

33
Contemporary Style
  • This house represents a particular style of
    living and individuality through the unique
    treatment of space.

34
Contemporary Style
  • This attractive home makes use of wood siding
    with a natural finish combined with large areas
    of glass.

(AGSR Studios)
35
Contemporary Style
  • This home is designed for minimal maintenance
    through the use of vinyl siding and trim.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
36
Contemporary Style
  • Visible roof supports are part of a dominant
    design element in this house.

(Cultured Stone by Stucco Products, Inc.)
37
Ranch Design
  • The ranch design is a very popular architectural
    style.
  • It is a long, low, one-story house style that was
    first built by ranchers in the southwestern US.
  • Traditionally built on a concrete slab with no
    basement.

(continued)
38
Ranch Design
  • This rendering is of a ranch-style home with
    Spanish design influences.

(Ken Hawk)
39
Ranch Design
  • Over the years, ranch homes have taken on many
    new features.
  • One- or two-car attached garages and basements
    have been added.
  • Some ranch style homes have an L-shape layout to
    add interest.
  • Skylights and cathedral ceilings are also found
    in modern ranch homes.

40
Ranch Design
  • This thoroughly modern ranch home exhibits
    architectural detail designed to set it apart
    from traditional ranch homes.

(Arthur Rutenberg Homes, Inc.)
41
Ranch Design
  • This home contains the basic elements of the
    ranch style, yet incorporates many contemporary
    architectural details.

42
Trends in Architecture
  • Todays architect has a freedom of design seldom
    known in the past.
  • Some homes are designed for stately or dramatic
    effects.
  • Others are styled for particular settings such
    hillsides, seashores, or cliffs.

43
Trends in Architecture
  • The stately appearance of this two-story home is
    achieved with the use of various building
    materials and interesting designs.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
44
Trends in Architecture
  • The complex layout of this home creates a
    dramatic effect.

45
Trends in Architecture
  • This residence was designed for a seashore
    setting.

46
Trends in Architecture
  • The roof design, use of glass, and structural
    materials of this residence are particularly
    suited for the arid climate.

(Cultured Stone by Stucco Stone Products, Inc.)
47
Trends in Architecture
  • Trends in architecture appear to moving toward
    dramatic, yet comfortable, living styles.
  • Homes are being developed that complement the
    site, provide a feeling of openness, and retain
    privacy.

(continued)
48
Trends in Architecture
  • Attention to detail in every aspect of this home
    blended with a sense of unity produces a superb
    family residence.

49
Trends in Architecture
  • This house, reminiscent of traditional
    architectural design, fits comfortably on a small
    city lot.

50
Trends in Architecture
  • A current trend in architectural design that is
    receiving strong support is called postmodern
    architecture.
  • This style combines traditional and
    contemporary influences that are strongly
    reminiscent of popular styles of the past.
  • However, modern materials and building techniques
    are used.

(continued)
51
Trends in Architecture
  • An example of postmodern architecture that
    combines traditional and contemporary influences.

(Armstrong World Industries, Inc.)
52
Trends in Architecture
  • A postmodern structure strongly reminiscent of
    the Georgian era.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
53
Trends in Architecture
  • Another trend in residential architecture is the
    renovation of older homes.
  • Many older homes are structurally solid and may
    be restored to their original beauty.
  • With the addition of new systems and appliances,
    these homes can be very functional today.

(continued)
54
Trends in Architecture
  • A restored Victorian home that maintains the
    strong design influence of the past.

55
Trends in Architecture
  • Elements of Victorian architecture, as shown in
    this restored structure, still show elegance
    today.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
56
Trends in Architecture
  • An older home before renovation.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
57
Trends in Architecture
  • An older home after renovation.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
58
Trends in Architecture
  • Experimentation with new materials and design
    concepts continues to produce radically new
    structures.
  • Earth-protected homes and dome homes are two
    categories.
  • Earth-protected homes use earth to provide
    insulation.
  • Dome homes use triangular sections to enclose a
    large interior space.

59
Trends in Architecture
  • Earth-protected homes require particular site
    characteristics to be successful.

(Jeff Burgin Builders)
60
Trends in Architecture
  • This dome home is constructed from triangular
    sections assembled on-site to produce the roof
    and walls of the structure.

(Linda Lindeman)
61
Multifamily Housing
  • Some types of housing accommodate more than one
    family unit and are called multifamily housing.
  • Examples of multifamily housing include
  • Cooperatives.
  • Condominiums.
  • Rental apartments.

62
Cooperatives
  • Refers to a type of ownership.
  • Apartment ownership.
  • Run as a corporation.
  • Buyer purchases stock.
  • Monthly fee.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
63
Condominiums
  • Refers to a type of ownership.
  • Owner receives a deed.
  • Joint interest in shared property.
  • Variety of building types available.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
64
Rental Apartments
  • Most common type of rental.
  • Advantages
  • Variety.
  • Conveniences.
  • Availability.
  • Disadvantages
  • No control.
  • No equity.
  • High turnover.

65
Americans with Disabilities Act
  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became
    law on July 26, 1990.
  • Discrimination against disabled persons is
    illegal in
  • Employment.
  • Public and private transportation.
  • Access to public and commercial buildings.
  • The ADA is not a building code, but a civil
    rights statute.

(continued)
66
Americans with Disabilities Act
  • Title III covers public accommodations.
  • These include hotels and motels, restaurants and
    bars, theaters, shopping centers, professional
    offices, etc.
  • Establishments affected by the ADA may be
    required to remove architectural and
    communication barriers by
  • Installing ramps and curb cuts, widening doors,
    installing raised toilet seats, etc.

67
Glossary
  • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
  • A law that makes it illegal to discriminate
    against disabled persons in the area of
    employment, transportation, and access to
    buildings.
  • Apartment.
  • A rental unit that is a part of a larger
    complex.
  • Cape Ann.
  • An early Colonial house with a central
    chimney, gambrel roof, and attic rooms.
  • Cape Cod.
  • One of the earliest and best known of the
    traditional Colonial styles.

68
Glossary
  • Condominium.
  • Dwelling where owner buys an apartment and a
    share of the common ground.
  • Contemporary (Modern).
  • Modern styles not directly related to the
    styles of the past.
  • Cooperative.
  • An apartment building that is managed and run
    as a corporation.
  • Garrison.
  • A house style that has a distinguishing
    overhanging second story and narrow siding.

69
Glossary
  • New England Gambrel.
  • Colonial style that includes a gambrel roof
    with pitch change between the ridge and eaves.
  • Postmodern Architecture.
  • Combines traditional and contemporary
    influences.
  • Ranch.
  • A long, low, one-story house that developed
    from the homes built by ranchers in the
    southwestern US.
  • Salt Box.
  • A Colonial style house patterned after early
    cracker, coffee, tea, and salt boxes.

70
Glossary
  • Southern Colonial.
  • The largest and most gracious of all the
    Colonial styles, it features a front colonnade
    and giant portico.
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