Understanding Jihad: A Muslim's Perspective

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Understanding Jihad A Muslim's Perspective

• Notre Dame University, Perth Western Australia
• October 20, 2003
• Presented to Colleges of Law, Philosophy
  Theology, Arts Letters
• Presented by Yahya A. Ibrahim
• ( yai_at_aic.wa.edu.au )

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Who is Shaykhul Islam Ibnul Qayyim

• He was born on Safar 7, 691 AH (1292 CE), in the
  village of Zar, to the south-east of Damascus
• His most notable teacher was Ibn Taymiyyah along
  with 100s of others
• Ibn ul Qayyim wrote more than one hundred and
  sixty books in various areas of Islam.
• Students
• Ibn ul Qayyim had numerous students. Some of the
  more reputable among them are the following
• Al Hafidh Abul Faraj ibn Rajab
• Al Hafidh Ismail ibn Kathir

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THE TYPES OF JIHAD

• By Imaam ibn al-Qayyim (d.751H) The sayings of
  Imaam ibn al-Qayyim are from his book Madaarij
  us-Salikeen unless otherwise stated
• Imaam ibn al-Qayyim said "Jihad is of four main
  types (that are to be divided into
  sub-catagories)
• 1.. Jihad an-Nafs (one's own self)
• 2.. Jihad ash-Shaytaan (Satan)
• 3.. Jihad al-Kuffar (the Rejecters of Faith) and
  al-Munafiqeen (the hypocrites)
• 4.. Jihad ahlu (the people of) ath-Dhulm
  (injustice), al-Bid'ah (innovation) and
  al-Munkaraat (sin and evil)"

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1. Jihad an-Nafs

• Jihad an-Nafs (one's striving against his
  desires) is also four types
• 1. Firstly Striving hard to learn the true
  guidance and the religion of truth, meaning
  Islamic Monotheism (Tawheed), without which the
  soul will have no success or happiness in this
  life or the Last Life. When the Nafs (soul) does
  not acquire knowledge of the religion, it will be
  miserable in both places of dwelling (this life
  and the next).
• 2. Secondly One's striving hard to implement
  what he has learnt. Knowledge without
  implementation will not be beneficial and may
  even bring about harm.

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1. Jihad an-Nafs

• 3. Thirdly Striving to deliver the Message and
  teach it to those who do not have knowledge of
  it. Otherwise one will be among those who hide
  the Guidance and the Clear Proofs that Allah has
  sent down. Such are those whose knowledge will
  neither bring about benefit to them nor safety
  from Allah's punishment.
• 4. Fourthly Striving to be patient in the face
  of hardships of conducting Da'wah (inviting
  mankind) unto Allah, while disregarding the
  threat of being harmed by other people and the
  enemies of Islam, all the while striving to
  endure all these difficulties."

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2. Jihad ash-Shaytaan

• Imaam ibn al-Qayyim said "There are two types of
  Jihad ash-Shaytaan (Satan)
• 1. First Jihad against him to disregard the
  misgivings and doubts he raises to invalidate
  Imaan (faith).
• 2. Second Jihad against him by ignoring what he
  tempts one with erroneous intentions and desires.
  Achieving certainty (concerning Faith) comes
  after practicing the first type of this Jihad,
  while successfully observing patience is the
  result of practicing the second type. Allah says
  what means  
• "And We made from among them (children of Israel)
  leaders, giving guidance under Our Command, when
  they were patient and used to believe with
  certainty in Our Ayaat (Signs, Verses etc.)"
  3224

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2. Jihad ash-Shaytaan

• Verse regarding Jihad ash-Shaytaan
• ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????
  ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????
  ???? ????????? ??????????  
• Surely, Shaytaan is an enemy to you, so treat
  his as an enemy" 356
• The Messenger of Allah said "The example of the
  Mujahid (who performs Jihad) in the Cause of
  Allah, and only Allah knows who is truly
  performing Jihad in His Cause, is the example of
  he who is both a Saa'im (fasting) and a Qaa'im
  (standing up in voluntary prayers)." Al-Bukhari

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3. Jihad al-Kuffar wal-Munafiqeen

• Imaam ibn al-Qayyim said "As for Jihad al-Kuffar
  wal-Munafiqeen, they are also four types
• 1.  with the heart,
• 2. tongue,
• 3. wealth and
• 4. one's self (body).
• Jihad al-Kuffar is usually practiced with the
  hand, while Jihad al-Munafiqeen is usually
  practiced by the tongue (by refuting them and
  exposing their misguided ways, etc.)"

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3. Jihad al-Kuffar wal-Munafiqeen

• What is a Kafir?
• A person who does not exercise his faculties of
  reason, intellect, and intuition to recognise his
  Lord and Creator and misuses his freedom of
  choice by choosing to deny God. Such a person
  becomes a rejector of Faith - in the language of
  Islam, a kaafir. Kufr literally means 'to cover'
  or 'to conceal'. The person who denies God is
  called a kaafir (concealor) because he conceals
  by his disbelief what is in his nature and soul -
  because his nature and soul is instinctively to
  submit to God. His whole body, every limb, bone,
  cell submits to the Will of God - fulfilling the
  duty that has been assigned to it. But for this
  person, his own nature has become concealed from
  his eyes and he thinks and acts in total
  disregard of it.

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Do Muslims seek to Kill those who are not Muslim?

• Chapter 60 Verses 7-9
• Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you
  and those whom you hold as enemies. And Allah has
  power (over all things), and Allah is
  Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
• Allah does not forbid you to deal justly and
  kindly with those who fought not against you on
  account of religion and did not drive you out of
  your homes. Verily, Allah loves those who deal
  with equity.
• It is only as regards those who fought against
  you on account of religion, and have driven you
  out of your homes, and helped to drive you out,
  that Allah forbids you to befriend them. And
  whosoever will befriend them, then such are the
  Zalimun (wrong-doers those who disobey Allah).

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3. Jihad al-Kuffar wal-Munafiqeen

• Some verses regarding Jihad al-Kuffar
  wal-Munafiqeen
• ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ????
  ???????? ????????  
• "But strive hard against them (ie. the Kuffar),
  (by preaching to them the Quran) with the utmost
  endeavor, with it (i.e. the Qur'an)" 2552
• ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????? ??????????
• "O Prophet! Perform Jihad against the
  disbelievers and the hypocrites and be severe
  against them" 669

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3. Jihad al-Kuffar wal-Munafiqeen

• ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????
  ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????
  ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????
  ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????
  ?????? ???????  
• "O you who believe! What is the matter with you,
  that, when you are asked to go forth in the Cause
  of Allah, you cling heavily to the earth? Do you
  prefer the life of this world to the Hereafter?
  But little is the comfort of this life, as
  compared with the Hereafter" at-Tauba 938

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3. Jihad al-Kuffar wal-Munafiqeen

• 1.      "We decreed upon the Children of Israel
  that whoever kills a soul - unless for a soul or
  for corruption done in the land - it is as if
  he had slain mankind entirely. And, whoever saves
  one, it is as if he had saved mankind entirely."
  Qur'an, 532
• 2. "And fight, in the path of Allah, those who
  fight you" Qur'an, 2190
• 3. "Among mankind is he whose speech impresses
  you in worldly life, and he calls Allah to
  witness as to what is in his heart, yet he is the
  fiercest of opponents. And, when he goes away, he
  strives throughout the land to cause corruption
  therein, and to destroy crops and lives. And
  Allah does not love corruption." Qur'an,
  2204-5
• 4. "A woman entered the Fire on account of a cat,
  which she tied up, neither feeding it, nor
  letting it eat for itself from the vermin of
  the earth, until it died, and as a result she
  entered the Fire of Hell. (Bukhari and Muslim)
• 5. "Do not take something with a soul as a
  target. Muslim

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3. Jihad al-Kuffar wal-Munafiqeen

• Ibn Abbas says The Messenger of Allah, when
  dispatching his troops, would tell them, ".Do
  not behave treacherously, nor misappropriate
  war-booty, nor mutilate those whom you kill,
  nor kill children, Do not kill a child, nor a
  woman, nor an old man, nor obliterate a stream,
  nor cut a tree.
• Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmed

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4. Jihad Against those who Practice Injustice,
Innovations and Sin

• Imaam ibn al-Qayyim said "There are three types
  of this Jihad.
• 1.      First, with the hand, when able to do so.
  
• 2.      But when one is unable, then he should
  revert to Jihad with the tongue,
• 3.      and if again unable, then with the
  heart."
• Some Ahaadeeth regarding this type of Jihad
• Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri narrated that the Messenger
  of Allah said "He amongst you who witnesses an
  evil, let him change (remove, stop) it with his
  hand. If unable, then with his tongue, and if
  unable, then with his heart, and this indeed is
  the weakest Imaan." Muslim

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4. Jihad Against those who Practice Injustice,
Innovations and Sin

• Imaam ibn al-Qayyim says, "These are thirteen
  types of Jihad, and he who dies without
  performing in Jihad or encouraging himself to
  perform Jihad, will die on a way (method, part,
  manner etc) of hypocrisy"

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