NSF-EPA Workshop on Life Cycle Aspects of Nanoproducts, Nanostructured Materials, and Nanomanufacturing: Problem Definitions, Data Gaps, and Research Needs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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NSF-EPA Workshop on Life Cycle Aspects of Nanoproducts, Nanostructured Materials, and Nanomanufacturing: Problem Definitions, Data Gaps, and Research Needs

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Title: NSF-EPA Workshop on Life Cycle Aspects of Nanoproducts, Nanostructured Materials, and Nanomanufacturing: Problem Definitions, Data Gaps, and Research Needs


1
  • NSF-EPA Workshop on Life Cycle Aspects of
    Nanoproducts, Nanostructured Materials, and
    Nanomanufacturing Problem Definitions, Data
    Gaps, and Research Needs
  • November 5-6, 2009
  • Chicago, IL

2
Why nano?
  • An enabling technology with implications for
    energy, manufacturing, electronics,
    transportation, healthcare, pharmaceuticals,
    environmental control and purification, sensors
    and national security, chemical processing, and
    sustainable development

3
Why Life Cycle?
  • An integrative methodology--life cycle analysis
    is a good way to understand the totality of
    environmental impacts and (most) of the benefits
    of nanotechnology, and where along the product
    chain these occur
  • LCA allows for comparisons with conventional
    products that may be displaced in commerce
  • LCA facilitates communication of risks and
    benefits to stakeholders and consumers
  • LCA can help to prevent unnecessary regulation
    and to avoid unintended consequences
  • Apply LCA near the beginning of the nanotech
    revolution, a rare opportunity

4
Previous workshop Nanotechnology and Life Cycle
AssessmentWashington DC October 2-3 2006
  • Major conclusions
  • Major efforts are needed to fully assess
    potential risks and environmental impacts of
    nanoproducts and materials
  • All stages of the life cycle of nanoproducts
    should be assessed via LCA studies
  • The main problem with LCA of nanomaterials and
    nanoproducts is the lack of data and
    understanding in certain areas

5
Previous workshop Nanotechnology and Life Cycle
AssessmentWashington DC October 2-3 2006
  • Major conclusions (continued)
  • Further research is needed to gather missing
    relevant data and to develop user-friendly
    eco-design screening tools, especially ones
    suitable for use by small and medium sized
    enterprises
  • Uncertainty in LCA studies should be acknowledged
    and quantified
  • While LCA brings major benefits and useful
    information, there are certain limits to its
    application and use, in particular with respect
    to the assessment of toxicity impacts

6
Goals of the this workshop
  • Review existing research, assess the state of
    science, and identify gaps in the knowledge base
    regarding the life cycle of nanotechnological
    products and processes,
  • Develop a critical understanding of combinations
    of nanostructured materials, their manufacturing
    processes, and resultant products that offer the
    greatest promise for improvements for society, as
    well as those that offer little promise or have a
    high probability of creating or worsening
    environmental hazards,
  • Lay out research priorities to address the needs
    identified,
  • Establish a pathway forward that could be pursued
    by relevant stakeholders on life
    cycle/nanotechnology research, and
  • Explore the basis of a life cycle-based
    management framework for nanotechnological
    applications

7
Nano-based publications
8
Topical Areas of Nanotech Life Cycle Publications
9
Life Cycle Assessment Framework
ISO 140402006
10
Life Cycle Assessment Stages
11
Energy Requirements
7
6
6
5
5
Log (MJ/kg)
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
11
0
EAF Steel
Aluminum
Poly Si
Wafer Si
Nanotubes
Quantum dots
Material
Energy requirements of several materials (adapted
from Gutowski et al. 2007, and Sengul and Theis
2008).
12
Sources of nanomanufacturing impacts
  • Low process yields
  • Energy requirements
  • Repeated processing, postprocessing, or
    reprocessing steps of a single product or batch
    during manufacturing
  • Use of toxic/basic/acidic chemicals and organic
    solvents
  • Strict purity requirements and less tolerance for
    contamination during processing (up to nine
    nines)
  • High water consumption

Sengul and Theis JIE, 2008.
13
Example Elements used in semiconductors
14
Aqueous solubility of semiconductor synthetics
  • Sulfides, most oxides abundant info
  • Binary selenides, tellurides some info
  • Nitrides, phosphides, arsenides, stibnides,
    tertiary, quaternary, doped, magnetic none

15
CdSe in aquatic environments
Rain
Natural waters
Sediments And Soils
Intracell environment
16
Concluding remarks
  • The ability to make and control very small
    structured materials has very large implications
    for human health, comfort and convenience, and
    economic well-being
  • In comparison to basic nanoscience and the
    fabricaton of nanostructures, our understanding
    of environmental and life cycle behaviors of
    nanomanufacturing, nanomaterials, and
    nano-containing products exhibit exceptional lags
  • Even so, it is probable that there will be
    sizable energy requirements, a suite of
    significant waste management problems, and
    unknown material supply and end-of-life concerns
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