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The Levels of Communication

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Title: The Levels of Communication


1
The Levels of Communication
  • Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking,
  • by George L. Grice and John F. Skinner

2
To Communicate . . .
  • The Latin verb communicare means to make common
    to many, share, impart, divide.

3
Simply stated . . .
  • When you communicate you share, or make common,
    your knowledge and ideas with someone else.
  • Communication, then, is the sharing of meaning
    bysendingand receivingsymbolic cues.

4
Charles Ogen I. A. Richards Triangle of Meaning
  • The interpreter
  • The person who is communicating, with words or
    symbols
  • The symbol
  • Anything to which people attach or assign a
    meaning
  • The referent
  • The object or idea for which the symbol stands

5
The Triangle of Meaning
Interpreter (Speaker or Listener)

Referent
Symbol
6
Five Levels of Public Speaking
7
Five Levels of Public Speaking
  • 1) intrapersonal

8
Intrapersonal Communication
  • The type of communication a person has with
    himself, thus the prefix intra- which means
    within.
  • As soon as a human being awakens, he begins an
    internal thought process and dialogue, almost
    always silent, but sometimes aloud.

9
Five Levels of Public Speaking
  • 2) interpersonal

10
Interpersonal Communication
  • Interpersonal communication takes place between
    two people.
  • This type of communication varies depending on
    the relationship between the two individuals.

11
Five Levels of Public Speaking
  • 3) group

12
Group Communication
  • Group communication occurs when three or more
    individuals, who have a common goal, interact
    either formally or informally.

13
Five Levels of Public Speaking
  • 4) public

14
Public Communication
  • Public communication takes place when one or more
    individuals communicate with a large group in a
    more one-directional approach.

15
Five Levels of Public Speaking
  • 5) mass communication

16
Mass Communication
  • Mass communication occurs when extremely large
    groups receive information, like a television
    audience watching a news broadcast, as well as
    the intermittent commercial advertising.

17
Five Levels of Public Speaking
  • 1) intrapersonal
  • 2) interpersonal
  • 3) group
  • 4) public
  • 5) mass communication

18
Linear Model of Communication
19
Linear Model of Communication
  • The speakerthe sender, the encoder, or source of
    the message.


The Speaker
20
Linear Model of Communication
  • Encodingthe process of putting ideas into
    symbols to carry a message.


The Speaker
The Speech Text
21
Linear Model of Communication
  • Messageideas communicated verbally and
    nonverbally.


The Speaker The Message A speaker sends a message to a listener.
22
Linear Model of Communication
  • Listenerthe receiver or decoder of the message


The Speaker The Message A speaker sends a message to a listener.
23
Linear Model of Communication
  • Decodingthe process of attaching meanings to
    symbols received.

Decoding

The Speaker The Message A speaker sends a message to a listener.
24
Linear Model of Communication
  • The speakerthe sender, the encoder, or source of
    the message.
  • Encodingthe process of putting ideas into
    symbols to carry a message.
  • Messageideas communicated verbally and
    nonverbally.
  • Listenerthe receiver or decoder of the message
  • Decodingthe process of attaching meanings to
    symbols received.

25
Linear Model of Communication

The Speaker The Message A speaker sends a message to a listener. The Listener
26
Problems with Linear Model of Communication
  • 1The assumption that a person is either the
    sender or a receiver of messages.
  • Actually, we perform both of these roles
    simultaneously.

27
Problems with Linear Model of Communication
  • 2The suggestion that communication involves
    only one message.
  • Actually, there are as many messages as there are
    communicators involved, and the message the
    sender intends is never identical to the one
    received.

28
Interactive Model of Communication
  • When scholars began to see the limitations of the
    linear model of communication, they added other
    components to the speaker, message, and listener
    making a total of 7 components
  • channel, feedback, environment, and noise

29
Interactive Model of Communication
  • Channelthe medium, or the way the message is
    sent.

30
Interactive Model of Communication
  • Feedbackincludes all messages, verbal and
    nonverbal, sent by listeners to speakers.

31
Interactive Model of Communication
  • Environmentthe physical setting and the occasion
    for communication.

32
Interactive Model of Communication
  • Noiseanything that distracts from effective
    communication some form of noise is always
    present.

33
Interactive Model of Communication
  • Channelthe medium, or the way the message is
    sent.
  • Feedbackincludes all messages, verbal and
    nonverbal, sent by listeners to speakers.
  • Environmentthe physical setting and the occasion
    for communication.
  • Noiseanything that distracts from effective
    communication some form of noise is always
    present.

34
Noise
  • Physical noisedistractions originating in the
    communication environment.

35
Noise
  • Physiological noisedistractions originating in
    the bodies of communicatorscold, headache,
    hunger, fatigue.

36
Noise
  • Psychological noisedistractions originating in
    the thoughts of communicatorsanxiety,
    daydreaming, worry.

37
Noise
  • Physical noisedistractions originating in the
    communication environment.
  • Physiological noisedistractions originating in
    the bodies of communicatorscold, headache,
    hunger, fatigue.
  • Psychological noisedistractions originating in
    the thoughts of communicatorsanxiety,
    daydreaming, worry.

38
CHANNEL
Message
SPEAKER
LISTENER
Decoder
Encoder
Environment
Environment
Noise
Noise
Noise
Encoder
Decoder
Feedback
Interactive Model of Communication
CHANNEL
39
The Levels of Communication
  • Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking,
  • by George L. Grice and John F. Skinner
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