NUTRITION and FEEDS

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NUTRITION and FEEDS
Digestion/Absorption
Mrs. Jennifer S. Klever
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Understanding the Digestive Systems

• Ruminants

• Non-ruminants

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A RUMINANT ANIMAL

• Has four distinctive compartments in its
  stomach, which swallows its food essentially
  unchewed, regurgitates, and chews it thoroughly
  and reswallows it again.
• Examples include cattle, sheep, goats, deer,
  rhinos, and elk.

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A NONRUMINANT ANIMAL

• Has a single compartment in its stomach, which
  swallows its food after chewing and does not
  regurgitate its food.
• Examples include pigs, humans, bears, and dogs.

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What are the four compartments of the rumen?
Reticulum Rumen Omasum Abomasum
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Reticulum 5 capacity Nicknamed the hardware
stomach
Function -storage space for foreign
materials -such as nails, and wire which can
cause damage to other body organs -often a magnet
is fed to the animal to catch and hold these
foreign materials
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Rumen 80 capacity
Functions -largest compartment -in cattle the
rumen has the capacity to hold 40 60
gallons -this area is used as storage -millions
of bacteria and protozoa break down the feed
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Omasum 7 capacity
Function -is a muscular section that squeezes out
the water from the feed before it enters the
abomasum
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Abomasum 8 capacity (the true stomach)
Function -Digestive juices cause chemical
changes to break down proteins, carbohydrates,
and fats into simpler substances which can pass
into the small intestine for further digestion
and absorption into the blood stream.
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So whats all that regurgitation stuff you were
talking about?
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During the process of eating, ruminants (cow,
sheep, etc.) chew there feed just enough to make
swallowing possible. After the ruminants have
consumed there feed, the feed is brought back up
from the rumen and chewing is completed.
YUM YUM EAT UP!
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Nonruminant Digestion
-food is swallowed directly into the single
stomach compartment -there it is mixed with
digestive juices
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-Because there is very little bacterial action
there is no conversion of low-quality protein to
high quality protein. -Result Nonruminant
animals are not able to digest large amounts of
fiber
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UNLESS . . .
-The animal has an enlarge cecum (such as
rabbits, horses and guinea pigs) -Bacterial
breakdown happens in the large intestine and
particularly in the cecum of the horse and rabbit.
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Question of the hour!
Can this little lady bloat?