Which of the following statements about crime is TRUE?

1
Which of the following statements about crime is
TRUE?

1. Official crime statistics accurately reflect the
   amount of crime in Canada.
2. Most organized criminals are affiliated with the
   Italian Mafia.
3. Organized crime exists largely to provide goods
   and services demanded by respectable members of
   the community.
4. Rates of murder and other violent crimes have
   been steadily rising for the past twenty years.

2
Deviant behaviour

1. is always serious in nature and is clearly
   distinguishable from nondeviant behaviour.
2. is relative because it varies from place to
   place, time to time, and from group to group.
3. is always recognized as such, regardless of whos
   doing it.
4. all of the above.

3
According to strain theory, the cause of deviance
is

1. that people are unable to obtain cultural goals
   through accepted means, so they turn to deviant
   means.
2. a weakening of the bonds tying a person to
   conventional society.
3. largely a function of individual psychopathology.
4. attributed to frequent association with other
   deviants.

4
An example of outer containments as described
by Walter Reckless in his social control theory is

1. self-control.
2. a sense of responsibility.
3. a supportive family.
4. resistance to unlawful diversions.

5
The study by William Chambliss found that while
the Saints committed more offenses than the
Roughnecks, the Roughnecks were more likely
to be labelled as deviant because

1. the Saints were white while the Roughnecks were
   black.
2. the Roughnecks came from lower-income families
   and did poorly in school.
3. the Saints came from lower-income families and
   did poorly in school, so people felt sorry for
   them.
4. the Saints had much weaker social bonds than the
   Roughnecks.

6
A person takes drugs once, doesnt get caught,
and never does it again. This demonstrates
____________ deviance.

1. secondary
2. primary
3. tertiary
4. fundamental

7
Which of the following analyses of prostitution
best illustrates the radical feminist approach to
deviance?

1. Prostitution is seen as a reflection of societys
   double standard, whereby it is acceptable for a
   man to pay for sex but unacceptable for a woman
   to accept money for it.
2. Prostitutes are viewed as deviant because they
   have been successfully labelled as such by
   others.
3. Prostitutes accept their identity as deviants
   because they continue to engage in the deviant
   behaviour that led to the label.
4. The rise in prostitution has to do with the
   womens liberation movement as women gain power,
   they will also commit more crimes.

8
Which of the following is/are classified as a
summary conviction offense?

1. sexual assault
2. robbery
3. causing a disturbance
4. a and b above

9
Which category of crime includes all violent
crime, certain property crimes, and certain
morals crimes?

1. street
2. occupational
3. organized
4. political

10
If a worker commits fraud in order to help a
company achieve greater profits, that worker has
engaged in a form of

1. street crime.
2. corporate crime.
3. property crime.
4. conventional crime.

11
Which of the following activities is often linked
to organized crime?

1. corporate price fixing
2. prostitution
3. false advertising
4. embezzling

12
Based on the text discussion of crime statistics,
which of the following statements is FALSE?

1. Our most important source of crime data is the
   Canadian Uniform Crime Reports (CUCR) system.
2. Police statistics always overestimate the actual
   amount of crime in order to guarantee their
   budgets are not cut back.
3. The vast majority of the offences reported in the
   CUCR come to the attention of the police from the
   reports of victims of crime.
4. Victimization surveys provide us with information
   about crimes that have not been officially
   reported.

13
Property crimes peak between the ages of
__________.

1. 12 and 14.
2. 13 and 15.
3. 15 and 18.
4. 17 and 20.

14
In discussing the similarities between crime
rates by males and females, the text observes
that

1. Most crimes are committed by males.
2. Females are more likely to be victims than
   offenders.
3. The difference between male and female
   involvement in crime has narrowed over the past
   three decades.
4. All of the above.

15
Which of these provinces/territories has the
lowest overall crime rate?

1. Alberta
2. Newfoundland
3. Yukon
4. British Columbia

16
Which of the following statements about ethnicity
and crime is FALSE?

1. In societies with culturally heterogeneous
   populations, some ethnic groups will have higher
   crime rates than others.
2. In the United States, African Americans and
   Hispanics are overrepresented in arrest data.
3. In Canada, Aboriginal peoples are
   underrepresented in the federal correctional
   systems population.
4. Overall in Canada, non-Aboriginal visible ethnic
   minorities are underrepresented in the federal
   correctional systems population.

17
Most Canadians learn about crime through

1. first-hand experience.
2. academic publications.
3. misrepresentations in the media.
4. police reports to the general public.

18
This form of punishment is based on the premise
that the greater the degree of social harm, the
more the offender should be punished.

1. retribution
2. social protection
3. rehabilitation
4. deterrence

19
This form of punishment seeks to return offenders
to the community as law-abiding citizens.

1. retribution
2. social protection
3. rehabilitation
4. deterrence

20
The text suggests that the best way to reduce
delinquency and crime in the future is through

1. prevention.
2. higher arrest rates.
3. stiffer sentences.
4. active implementation of the death penalty.

21
The text defines deviance as any

1. violation of the law by young people under the
   age of 18.
2. serious violation of consistent moral codes.
3. form of behaviour that produces some degree of
   social harm.
4. behaviour, belief, or condition that violates
   cultural norms.
5. act that violates the law.

22
According to sociologist Walter Reckless,
self-control, a sense of responsibility and
resistance to unlawful diversions would be
classified as

1. social bonds.
2. inner containments.
3. illegitimate opportunities.
4. differential associations.
5. positive self-development.

23
According to Richard Quinney

1. primary deviance is the initial act of
   law-breaking, while secondary deviance occurs
   when a person accepts the new identity and
   continues the deviant behaviour.
2. people with economic and political power define
   as criminal any behaviour that threatens their
   own interests.
3. people learn to engage in deviance through social
   interaction.
4. people engage in deviant behaviour when their
   ties to conventional society are weak.
5. for deviance to occur people must have access to
   illegitimate opportunity structures.

24
The misuse of power by government officials would
be considered

1. street crime.
2. political crime.
3. occupational crime.
4. organized crime.
5. corporate crime.

25
Which of the following statements accurately
reflects the role of the media in relation to
crime?

1. The media actually constructs, as opposed to
   reports, the news.
2. The picture of crime we receive from the media is
   inaccurate and includes stereotypes of offenders.
3. If it bleeds, it leads a news report even
   though violent crime is relatively rare in our
   society.
4. Canadians are led to believe that violent crime
   is prevalent.
5. All of the above