Participles and Participial Phrases!

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Participles and Participial Phrases!

• 8th Grade English
• Clauses and Verbals Unit

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Today

• We are going to focus just on the first onethe
  Participle and its phrase!

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So, what is a participle?

• A participle, as you learned about in the verb
  unit, is formed by adding something to the verb.
  
• You add ing to a present participle
• You add ed to a past participle
• A participle can act as the main verb in a verb
  phrase or as an adjective to describe, or modify,
  nouns or pronouns.

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Examples

• The player has kicked the ball (Main verb in a
  verb phrase)
• The kicked ball soared
  (adjective modifying
  ball)

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Exercise A.

• Find the participle in each sentence.

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Exercise A.

1. Soccer can be a challenging game.
2. Many young people are participating in the sport.
   
3. The size of the playing field for soccer may
   vary.
4. Have rules for the sport changed over the years?
5. A player on our team has scored
   the winning goal.

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Sometimes

• A participle that is used as an adjective is part
  of a phrase.
• This kind of phrase is called a participial
  phrase!
• A participial phrase is a group of words that
  includes a participle and other words that
  complete its meaning!

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Examples

• Cheering for the home team,
  the fans were on their feet.
• The ball kicked by Donnie soared into the goal.

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Commas and Participial Phrases

• A participial phrase that is placed at the
  beginning of a sentence is always set off by
  commas.
• Running from the law, a burglar slipped in the
  mud.
• Other participial phrases may or may not need
  commas.

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Do they or dont they?

• If the phrase is necessary to identify the
  modified word, do not set it off by commas.
• The player kicking the ball is Donnie.
• If the phrase simpley gives additional
  information about the modified word, set it off
  with commas!
• Donnie, kicking the ball, scored the
  final point.
• Essential v. Nonessential, duh!

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One Last Note

• A participial phrase can appear before or after
  the word it describes.
• Place the phrase as close as possible to the
  modified word otherwise, the meaning of the
  sentence may be unclear!

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Exercise B.

• Find the participial phrase.
• Identify the word the participial phrase
  describes (they are all used as adjectives!)

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Exercise B.

1. Attracting huge crowds, soccer is a popular
   sport.
2. The game consists of two teams competing for
   goals.
3. Playing within certain areas, the goalkeepers can
   touch the ball with their hands.
4. For other players, the only contact permitted by
   the rules is with their feet, heads, or bodies.
5. The two teams playing the game kick off.
6. The teams, moving almost constantly during play,
   kick the ball back and forth.
7. Varying their formations, players move about the
   field.

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Remember

• The word verbal is a collective term for a verb
  form used as another part of speech.
• A participle, as you learned about in the verb
  unit, is formed by adding something to the verb.
  
• You add ing to a present participle
• You add ed to a past participle
• A participle can act as the main verb in a verb
  phrase or as an adjective to describe, or modify,
  nouns or pronouns.
• A participial phrase is a group of words that
  includes a participle and other words that
  complete its meaning!

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Great!
NOT SO GREAT