Introduction to Pharmacology

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Introduction to Pharmacology
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The Study of Drugs

• Effects on living tissue that produce a change in
  the function of that tissue.
• Produce effects by influencing cell function
• Water, minerals, insecticides, medicine,
  supplements

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Areas of Pharmacology

• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Pharmacy
• Posology
• Toxicology

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Sources of Drugs

• Plants
• Poppy plants
• Purple foxglove
• Coca plant
• Yew tree
• Animals
• Hormones
• Bacteria
• Chemical synthesis

5
Effects of Drugs

• Therapeutic Effect
• Intended or desired response to a drug to address
  a specific condition or disease
• Drug Indication
• Intended use of a specific drug
• Contraindication
• Condition that do not warrant the use of a drug

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Terminology

• Side Effects
• Adverse Effects
• Toxic Effects

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What Goes on with a Drug

• Site of Action
• Where we want the effect to occur
• Mechanism of Action
• How the desired effect occurs
• Receptor Site
• Where the drug attaches to the specific cell
• Agonists
• The binding of a drug to a specific site and
  producing the desired action

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• Antagonist
• Binding but NO action
• Block the action of another drug
• Dose-Response Curve
• Amount of a drug
• Effect
• Response is proportional to the amount of the
  drug administered
• Maximum Response
• Ceiling Effect

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Time-Response Curve

• The ratio of a drugs response and the duration of
  the specific action
• How long does it take the drug to create the
  desired effect
• Onset of action
• Termination of action
• Potency
• ED50 LD50

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Drug Safety

• Therapeutic Index
• Ratio of LD50 to ED50 safety of the drug
• Adverse Effects
• Usually dose dependent
• Allergic response

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Nomenclature

• Chemical Name
• Generic Name
• Trade Name
• Prescription drugs
• OTC

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Controlled Substances Act

• Schedule I
• Schedule II
• Schedule III
• Schedule IV
• Schedule V