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Quantum Model of the Atom

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Quantum Model of the Atom Do Now What do we know about the atom based on Bohr s model? Bohr s Model Central nucleus Electrons revolved in circular orbits However ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Quantum Model of the Atom


1
Quantum Model of the Atom
2
Do Now
  • What do we know about the atom based on Bohrs
    model?

3
Bohrs Model
  • Central nucleus
  • Electrons revolved in circular orbits
  • However, only worked for hydrogen

4
The Formation of a New Model
  • deBroglies studies disproved Bohrs model

5
The Quantum Model
  • 1926- proposed by Schrödinger
  • Treated the electron like a wave
  • Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle
  • it is impossible to know the velocity and
    position of a particle at the same time
  • Therefore it is nearly impossible to know the
    exact location of an electron at any exact
    moment.

6
  • Like Bohrs model, there are different energy
    levels
  • As electrons travel away from the nucleus, they
    require more energy
  • Like climbing a ladder
  • The high your climb, the more energy you use

7
Orbital Shapes
  • Inside each energy level there are different
    shaped orbitals
  • s
  • p
  • d
  • f
  • (in order of increasing energy)

8
First Energy Level
  • 1 sublevel
  • s-shaped orbitals
  • Has one sub-orbital
  • Holds 2 electrons

9
Second Energy Level
  • 2 sublevels
  • s-shaped
  • 1 sub-orbital
  • Holds 2 electrons
  • p shaped
  • 3 sub-orbitals
  • Holds total of 6 electrons (2 per sub-orbital)

10
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11
Third Energy Level
  • 3 sublevels
  • s-shaped
  • 1 sub-orbital
  • Holds 2 electron
  • p-shaped
  • 3 sub-orbitals
  • Holds 6 electrons
  • d-shaped
  • 5 sub-orbitals
  • Holds 10 electrons (2 per sub-orbital)

12
Fourth Energy Level
  • 4 sublevels
  • s-shaped
  • 1 sub-orbital
  • Holds 2 electrons
  • p-shaped
  • 3 sub-orbitals
  • Holds 6 electrons
  • d-shaped
  • 5 sub-orbitals
  • Holds 10 electrons
  • f-shaped
  • 7 sub-orbitals
  • Holds 14 electrons

13
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14
  • Each energy level acquires a sublevel
  • Each sublevel is a different shaped orbital

15
Aufbaus Principle
  • Electrons will occupy the lowest available energy
    level first
  • Energy levels closest to the nucleus have less
    energy
  • Like climbing a ladder

16
Hunds Rule
  • Electrons will occupy each sub-orbital before
    pairing up
  • School bus

Paulis Exclusion Principle
  • When electrons are paired together, they will
    spin in opposite directions

17
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18
Orbitals in order of increasing energy
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