COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND LANGUAGE OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS

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COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND LANGUAGE OF CHILDREN
WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS
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I. ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS

• A. Definitions/ Facts
• 3-5 of school age children have been diagnosed
  with ADHD in the U.S.
• --Due to a combination of factorsgenetics,
  dopamine imbalance, insufficiency of
  neurotransmitters

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American Psychiatric AssociationDelineates 3
types of ADHD

• Primarily inattentive (20-30)
• Primarily hyperactive (less than 15)
• Combination inattentive/hyperactive (50-75)

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Kaderavek 2011
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Blakemore-Brown

• Research in the U.S. and Europe has shown that
  children with autism spectrum disorder as well as
  ADHD show overlapping characteristics.
• Parents complained that outwardly normal
  children, mainly boys, seemed to have a
  connection missing.

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Blakemore-Brown continued

• These boys were impulsive, did not listen to
  rules, were clumsy, and could not control their
  temper outbursts.
• They lost track of time and parents had to
  breathe down their necks for every little task
  and deadline.
• In both Europe and the U.S., professionals are
  working to disentangle the diagnoses as well as
  find their commonalities.

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Tannock Martinussen

• Basal ganglia, regions of the cerebellum are
  significantly smaller in children with ADHD
• Non-genetic factors premature birth, maternal
  use of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy,
  exposure to high levels of lead in early
  childhood

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Researchers are showing that
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University of Michigan Health System, 2012
Television and children (www.med.umich.edu)
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• Computer Use and Executive Functioning
• (Morris, 2011 Westby, 2011)

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• Playing computer games can impair the development
  of the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that
  inhibits anti-social behavior

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II. SYMPTOMS

• Not diagnosed by standardized testsdiagnosis is
  based on a careful assessment of the behavioral
  symptoms (T M)
• Difficulties coping with everyday life

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Specific Behaviors may Include
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III. POSSIBLE SPEECH-LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS
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IV. MANAGEMENT OF ADHD
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Popular current medications include

• Cylert
• Adderall
• Strattera (not a stimulant may not have much
  effect)
• Ritalin
• Concerta (time releasedtake one pill in the
  A.M., and lasts all day)

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ADVANCE for SLPs As, 8/6/07

• Research through the National Institute of Mental
  Health showed that intensive medication
  management alone or in combination with
  behavioral therapy produced better outcomes than
  just behavioral therapy or the usual community
  care.

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V. IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION
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Kowalski 2012 ASHA Schools Conference
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Kowalski 2012
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Ebert Kohnert, October 2011, Journal of Speech,
Language, and Hearing Research
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

• Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from
  discriminating against children with disabilities
• Eligibility is based on the existence of a
  physical or mental condition that substantially
  limits a major life activity
• ADHD students qualify for classroom
  accommodations if they cant learn under typical
  circumstances

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What kind of accommodations do you think ADHD
students need?
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Remember
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Remember the gifts of ADHD

• Creativity
• Ability to think outside the box

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Support for individuals with ADHD
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