Tissues - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Tissues

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Tissues an integrated group of cells with a common structure and function Plant Tissues Four tissue systems in plants: Meristematic tissue: rapid cell division ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Tissues


1
Tissues
  • an integrated group of cells with a common
    structure and function

2
Plant Tissues
  • Four tissue systems in plants
  • Meristematic tissue rapid cell division,
    lengthening of shoots and roots
  • Dermal tissue provides covering for the plant
    body.
  • Ground tissue variety of functions including
    support, photosynthesis, and storage
  • Vascular tissue plumbing system throughout
    plants conducts water, food (CH2O), and
    dissolved minerals also strengthens and supports
    the plant.

3
Plants Exhibit Localized Growth at Meristems
4
Meristematic Tissue
  • specific areas of plant growth composed of cells
    that do not differentiate
  • cells retain the ability to divide, which other
    plant cells lose
  • allow plants to grow their entire lives
  • Types
  • Apical primary growth at root and shoot tips
  • Lateral secondary growth in trees and shrubs
  • Intercalary secondary growth in monocot stems

5
Apical meristem
Region of cell differentiation/maturation
Region of cell elongation
  • In shoot tips and root tips
  • Allium cepa root tip shown here
  • Parenchyma cells

Region of cell division
Apical meristem
Root cap
6
Apical Meristems
  • Stem buds have a dome-like apical meristem in
    addition to leaf primordia and bud primordia,
    which protect the apical meristem.

7
Dermal Tissue System
8
Dermal Tissues
  • Single layer of cells called the epidermis in
    herbaceous plants
  • Guard cells
  • Trichomes
  • Root hairs
  • Functions
  • Absorption
  • Secretion of cuticle
  • Protection
  • Control of gas exchange

Epidermis
Cuticle
9
The Ground Tissue System
10
Parenchyma cells
  • Spherical-shaped cells most common type of
    tissue (most of apples potatoes) found
    throughout plant
  • Have thin primary walls
  • Living, metabolizing tissue
  • Functions
  • Photosynthesis respiration
  • Storage (starch, oil droplets, water, and salts)
  • Wound healing regeneration

11
Collenchyma
  • Beneath the epidermis in young stems and in large
    veins of leaves (strings in celery)
  • Elongated cells that have unevenly thickened cell
    walls (especially in the corners)
  • Flexible support system (like our skeletal
    system)
  • Found uniformly throughout the plant
  • Alive at maturity

12
Sclerenchyma
  • Specialized for structural support occurs in
    many areas
  • Two types
  • Fibers support in wood, bark, leaves, stems
  • Sclereids protection in fruits, seeds, other
    plant organs
  • Primary and secondary cell walls.
  • Dead at functional maturity

13
The Vascular Tissue System
14
Complex Vascular Tissues
  • Xylem
  • Conducts water and dissolved minerals from the
    roots
  • Phloem
  • Conducts dissolved food materials, carbohydrates,
    in solution
  • Continuous throughout plant
  • Support plant body

15
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16
All 4 types of tissues are present in the root tip
17
Young monocot stem
Young dicot stem
18
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