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Breeding Methods

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Breeding Methods By Walt Iciek Topic# 3026 Two Main Types of Breeding Artificial Insemination Collected semen deposited directly in to females reproductive tract by ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Breeding Methods


1
Breeding Methods
  • By Walt Iciek
  • Topic 3026

2
Two Main Types of Breeding
  • Artificial Insemination
  • Collected semen deposited directly in to females
    reproductive tract by humans
  • Natural Insemination
  • Animals breeding the way they would in nature

3
Function of the male
  • Produce large number of live sex cells
  • Contribute half the chromosomes

4
Male Reproductive Organs
  • Testicles
  • Produce spermatozoa testosterone
  • Scrotum- sack which carries the testicles
  • Heat regulator
  • Epididymis- tube that connects testes
  • Stores sperm
  • Sperm matures there

5
Male Reproductive Organs (cont.)
  • Vas Deferens
  • Tube which connects to epididymis
  • Accessory Glands
  • Prostate
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Cowpers glands
  • Adds volume and nutrients to semen

6
Function of the Female
  • Contribute half the chromosomes
  • Give birth to offspring
  • Care for young until weaning

7
Female Reproduction Organs
  • Cervix- mouth of the womb
  • Opening into uterus
  • Uterine Horns
  • Two branches of the Uterus
  • Fallopian Tubes- uterine horn
  • Lined with cilia, aids in egg migration

8
Female Reproductive Organs (cont.)
  • Ovaries
  • End of fallopian tubes
  • Large number of eggs, all stages of development
  • Few eggs reach maturity
  • If not fertilized, eggs are reabsorbed by the body

9
Heat
  • Time when female is receptive to male and is
    willing to breed
  • Identified by
  • Aggressive behavior
  • Swelling of vulva
  • Consist of four stages of estrous

10
Estrous
  • Proestrous
  • Ovary is about to release an egg
  • Estrous
  • Female receptivity
  • Metestrous- uterus prepares for pregnancy
  • Fertilized egg attaches to uterus
  • Disestrous- longest period of cycle
  • inactive

11
Natural Breeding
  • Advantages
  • Less expensive
  • Requires no special equipment
  • Limitations
  • Slower genetic improvement
  • Cost of maintaining sires
  • Passing on traits or diseases to offspring

12
Artificial Insemination
  • Definition
  • Deposition of sperm in the female by artificial
    means
  • Used commercially in U.S. since 1938
  • Most widely used in dairy and beef cattle

13
Process of A.I.
  • Equipment needed
  • Liquid nitrogen used to store semen at 385
    degrees Fahrenheit
  • Semen straws contain one dose of semen
  • Stainless steel insemination straw
  • Used to place semen in reproductive tract
  • Semen thawing unit

14
Insemination Process
  • Restrain female gently, squeeze chutes most
    common method
  • Prepare semen
  • Palpate the rectum and locate the cervix
  • Insemination
  • Insert insemination gun into vagina and deposit
    semen

15
Eight steps in the procedure
  • Thaw frozen semen slowly
  • Place plastic glove over hand and arm
  • Lubricate plastic glove
  • Restrain animal
  • Insert arm into animals rectum
  • Grasp animals cervix
  • Insert insemination gun into the vagina
  • Deposit semen into animals cervix

16
Artificial Insemination- Advantages
  • Use of outstanding sires
  • Alleviates danger of keeping sires
  • Lessens sire costs
  • Helps control diseases
  • Creates large families of animals
  • Increases profits

17
Artificial Insemination- Disadvantages
  • Requires trained technicians
  • May accentuate poor sires
  • Restricts the sire market
  • Hard to identify true heats in females
  • Timing is crucial
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