Learning Goal 3: Describe the changes that occurred in Russia, China, and the Islamic world because of the Mongol invasions and explain why this was a historical turning point in history. (1C,4K)

1
Mongol Invasions

• Learning Goal 3 Describe the changes that
  occurred in Russia, China, and the Islamic world
  because of the Mongol invasions and explain why
  this was a historical turning point in history.
  (1C,4K)

2
Causes of Mongol Invasions

• Causes
• Possible environmental factors caused less and
  shorter grass on the steppe forcing Mongols to
  trade and raid settled societies
• Leader Genghis Khan (formally Temujin) unifies
  Mongols
• Soldiers mobility and skillful tactics as
  warriors led to huge conquests

3
Effects of Mongol Invasions

• Unified a territory across Eurasia and
  established a Pax Mongolian where Silk Road trade
  reached it height
• 1215 took Beijing, making it the first time China
  was ruled by a foreign power, ended the civil
  service exams, but staffed the bureaucracy
• Obliterated the Muslim heartlands and converted
  to Islam-end of the Muslim caliphate

4
More Effects

• Made Russia a vassal state where tribute was
  collected by Russian bureaucrats leading the
  expansion of serfdom
• Facilitate Europeans learning about the advances
  of the Asians especially the Chinese, yet the
  Mongols made no advances themselves and stifled
  cultural growth
• Allowed for religious toleration and did not
  impose Mongol culture, yet culture and idea
  spread across the vast Mongol territory
• India stayed protected from Mongol invasions
  until the late 4th century

5
What were the changes resulting from the Mongol
invasions of Russia, China, and the Islamic
world?

• Mongol invasions of Russia
• Mongol invasions of China
• Mongol invasion of Islamic world

6
Mongol invasions of Russia

• Mongols control Russia
• Local leaders still kept
• Peasants paid heavy taxes
• Collected by Russia bureaucrats who took their
  cut
• Russia became a vassal state facilitating the
  expansion of serfdom and a lack of political
  unity
• Lacking unity and cultural development, Russia
  remained backward at the same time Europe was
  growing culturally

7
Mongol invasions of China

• 1215 took Beijing
• 1279 overthrew the Song Dynasty
• First time China ruled by a foreign power
• Civil service exams were ended
• Bureaucracy staffed by foreigners
• Chinese had different laws and separated from
  Mongols
• Able to maintain cultural identity
• Beijing was connected to Vienna via horse relay
  stations
• Mongols not directly involved in trade
• Merchants welcomed into court trade flourishes

8
Mongol invasion of Islamic world

• 1258 Abbasid Caliphate was defeated
• End of Muslim political unity
• Local bureaucrats were employed
• Rulers can stay in power as long as they paid
  taxes
• Many Mongols converted to Islam by 1295 and often
  Mongol culture mixed with local cultures
• Mongols first and only defeat was at the hands of
  the Mamluks in 1260 in Egypt
• Muslim Dehli Sultanate in Northern India held off
  the initial Mongol invasions, but was later
  invaded in 1398 by Mongol warlord Timur who ruled
  for a short time

9
Writing Assignment

• What were the changes resulting from the Mongol
  invasions of Russia, China, and the Islamic
  world?