SEEDLESS NON-VASCULAR PLANTS THE BRYOPHYTES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SEEDLESS NON-VASCULAR PLANTS THE BRYOPHYTES

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* * PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA THE MOSSES The mosses are colonial plants. They have rhizoids that anchor the plant in the soil. They lack true leaves, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SEEDLESS NON-VASCULAR PLANTS THE BRYOPHYTES


1
SEEDLESS NON-VASCULAR PLANTSTHE BRYOPHYTES
  • Packet 69
  • Chapter 29
  • Review Book pg 131

2
THE BRYOPHYTES
  • Features That Distinguish Bryophytes From Green
    Algae and Other Plants

3
BRYOPHYTES
  • Bryophytes Diversity
  • Figure 29.9Page 582
  • Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts and
    hornworts
  • Seedless plants that disperse via haploid spores
  • Have several adaptations that green algae, a
    protist, lack.
  • Cuticle
  • Stomata
  • Multi cellular gametangia

4
BRYOPHYTES II
  • Additionally, bryophytes are non-vascular plants.
  • Non-vascular plants lack vascular tissue, xylem
    and phloem, and limits them to moist environments
    a to small size
  • Bryophytes are the only plants with a dominant
    gametophyte generation.
  • Most of the life cycle is spent in the
    gametophyte generation.
  • Sporophytes, when developed, remain permanently
    attached and are nutritionally dependent on the
    gametophyte.

5
THE EVOLUTION CONNECTION
  • The evolution of bryophytes is based on fossil
    evidence of ancient plants and on structural and
    molecular evidence
  • However, the fossil record is very incomplete
  • Bryophytes may represent a side-line in evolution
  • Hornworts, a type of bryophyte, may be the most
    ancient based on structural and molecular evidence

6
BRYOPHYTES
  • Phyla of Pryophytes

7
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
  • Bryophytes have been distributed around the world
    from the tropics to the arctic.
  • They can exist in dry or cold habitats
  • They can practically desiccate
  • Rehydrates following rain events.
  • One wetland moss, Sphagnum, forms extensive
    deposits of peat.

8
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
  • The mosses are colonial plants.
  • They have rhizoids that anchor the plant in the
    soil.
  • They lack true leaves, roots and stems
  • Alternation of generations is present.

9
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
  • Some mosses have separate sexes while others
    bear both archegonia (female) and antheridia
    (male) on the same plant

10
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
  • Steps 1 3Page 581
  • Figure 29.8Page 581
  • Bryophytes have gametophytes that are green
    plants that grow from a filamentous protonema.
  • The protonema is a green filamentous growth that
    arises from spore germination and eventually
    gives rise to a mature gametophyte.
  • Found in liverworts and mosses

11
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSESREPRODUCTION I
  • Step 4 - 7Page 581
  • Figure 29.8Page 581
  • Flagellated sperm are transported to the
    archegonia by splashing raindrops and swim to the
    archegonia where they fertilize the egg
  • Diploid zygote grows into a multicellular
    sporophyte
  • Diploid sporophyte, attached to the gametophyte
    (archegonia) , grows as it receives nutrition.

12
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSESREPRODUCTION II
  • Step 8
  • Figure 29.8Page 581
  • The mature sporophyte undergoes meiosis to
    produce haploid spores
  • Spores are dispersed by wind.
  • Spore germinates. Grows into a protonema that
    forms a bud.
  • Protonema develops into the haploid gametophyte
  • The dominant stage.

13
LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES
  • Gametophyte
  • Sporangium

14
LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES
  • Sporangium
  • Mature Sporangium

15
LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES
  • Germination
  • Gametophyte

16
BRYOPHYTESPHYLUM HEPATICOPHYTA
  • The Liverworts

17
PHYLUM HEPATICOPHYTATHE LIVERWORTS
  • Have gametophytes that are leafy or flattened,
    lobelike thalli.
  • The plant body is not differentiated into roots,
    stems and leavessimilar to what is seen in some
    algae, fungi and similar simple plantlike
    organisms.

18
PHYLUM HEPATICOPHYTATHE LIVERWORTS
  • Liverworts have a dominant gametophyte
    generation.
  • Reproduction is similar to that of the mosses.

19
BRYOPHYTESPHYLUM ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA
  • The Hornworts

20
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROTOPHYTAHORNWORTS
  • Have thalloid gametophytes
  • Hornworts resemble liverworts but may not be
    closely related to them.
  • The sporophyte, that develops after
    fertilization, forms a horn.

21
REVIEW
22
REVIEW
  • Students
  • List potential examination questions and/or here,
    and on following slides, based on the packet.
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