Routine Drilling Operations

1
Routine Drilling Operations

• Chapter 4 Drilling

2
Routine Drilling Operations

• Preparing the Site
• Rigging Up
• Spudding In (Drilling the Surface Hole)
• Tripping Out
• Running Surface Casing
• Cementing Casing
• Tripping In
• Controlling Formation Pressure
• Running Cementing Intermediate Casing
• Drilling to Final Depth

3
Preparing the Site

• Construction
• Drill site must have
• Ample space
• Comply with Laws
• Adequate water supply
• Roads
• Reserve Pits Lined with plastic sheeting
• Cellar room beneath the drilling rig for the
  installation of drilling equipment
• Conductor Pipe/Casing. Keeps ground from caving
  in (Typically 20-100 ft).

4
Rigging Up

• Assembling the Drilling Rig
• http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling
  /rigging_up.html

5
Spudding (Drilling the Surface Hole)

• Initial Drilling
• Larger diameter drill bits typically 17 ½ or
  larger.
• Drill to a predetermined depth to get past any
  water sources that could be contaminated.

6
Tripping Out

• Removing the Drill String from the hole.
• Times the need tripping out
• Removing the drill string for testing
• Running casing
• Changing bits
• Very important to watch the speed at which you
  remove the drill string.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzV3iYWgJowg

7
Running Surface Casing

• Casing is heavy-duty steel pipe that is cemented
  into the hole
• Centralizers attach to the outside of casing,
  keeps casing in the center of the hole
• Scratchers Attached to the outside and help
  remove wall cake from the side of the hole so
  that the cement can form a better bond.
• Casing/Guide Shoe Rounded heavy short section of
  casing that attaches to the bottom to help keep
  casing from snagging on the hole while being
  lowered.
• Float Collar Coupling that is used one to two
  joints above the bottom, contains a one way valve
  to prevent fluids from coming back up the casing.

8
Cementing Casing

• Cementing crew comes in and runs job.
• Connects cementing Head and pumps the cement
  downhole

9
Tripping In

• Put drill pipe back in the hole
• Resume drilling by running a smaller drill bit
  and Bottom Hole Assembly
• Displaces drilling mud as the drill string is
  lowered into the hole
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v6mFxaELw99I

10
Running and Cementing Intermediate Casing
11
Controlling Formation Pressure (Well Control)

• Blow Out the uncontrolled gushing of fluids oil,
  gas, water or all three from a formation that the
  hole has penetrated.
• Kick when formation fluid enters the well bore
• Control Is maintained through the weight of the
  drilling mud (Density) It is used to create a
  hydrostatic pressure that counter acts the
  formation pressure
• Hydrostatic Pressure the pressure exerted by a
  column of fluid in a well bore.
• Formation Pressure the pressure exerted by the
  formation fluids

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Homework Questions

1. What are the 3 key elements of a drill site?
2. What is a cellar?
3. What is the function of the conductor pipe?
4. Define Rigging Up
5. Explain the steps in drilling the surface hole.
6. What the 3 circumstances when you may be required
   to trip out the drilling tools?
7. What are the 4 key components that are attached
   to casing prior to cementing?
8. What are the 3 different type of casing? Which
   one is the longest?
9. What is a blow-out? What is used to during
   drilling operations to control the potential of
   prevent blow-outs?