Injury Management

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Unit 7

• Injury Management

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Soft Tissue Injuries

• Abrasion
• Scrapping away of outer layer of skin
• Avulsion
• Tearing or pulling away a part of a structure
• Laceration
• Jagged, irregular cut
• Contusion
• A bruise

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Soft Tissue Injury Treatment

• Clean area with soap and water
• Apply antibiotic cream
• Apply sterile bandage
• Watch for infection

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Treatment Severed or Amputated

• Wrap severed part in sterile gauze
• Put in plastic bag
• Put plastic bag on ice
• Send severed part with victim to hospital

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Deep Lacerations

• Apply steri-strips or butterfly dressing
• Cover with sterile dressing
• Stitches?
• Longer 1 inch
• Deep cut into dermis
• Edges that do not close with steri-strip or
  butterfly dressing
• Uneven edges
• Best to get stitches within 6-8 hours to decrease
  scarring and infection
• Facial best to get stitches within 4 hours

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BITES

• Wash with soap and water
• Cover with sterile dressing
• Apply antibiotic ointment
• Apply Ice
• Never apply ice with snakebites
• Stimulates the spread of the venom
• Complications
• Poisonous
• Minimize movement
• Seek medical attention
• Infection
• Seek medical attention

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BLISTERS

• Caused by the skin rubbing against a hard or
  rough surface resulting in the layers of the skin
  to separate
• Feel a hot spot
• Treatment
• Leave in tact
• Popping blister leaves open skin susceptible for
  infection
• If blister is torn, keep clean and cover with
  moleskin or second skin.

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STINGS

• Treatment
• Look for stinger
• If stinger present scrape away from skin with
  finger nail or edge of a plastic card
• Never use tweezers to remove stinger- squeezing
  the stinger will release venom into body
• Wash area with soap water
• Cover with sterile dressing
• Apply Ice
• Watch for allergic reaction

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ALLERGIC REACTIONS

• Caused by insect stings, food, other allergens
• Known as Anaphylactic shock
• Cause serious life-threatening breathing
  emergencies
• Air passages swell and restrict breathing
• S/S rash, tightness in chest, swelling of face
  and tongue, dizzy, confused
• Use of Epi-pen is necessary treatment

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ALLERGIC REACTION

• HITCH

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SKIN CONDITIONS

• Caused by a fungus, virus, bacteria or parasite
• Common in sports such as wrestling, but can occur
  in any individual

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FUNGUS

• Tinea superficial fungal infection
• Thrive in Moist, warm, dark environments.
• Treatment
• Anti fungul creams or sprays. Sometimes needs an
  anti-fungal oral medication
• Common types in athletics
• Tinea corpis, Tinea cruris and Tinea Pedis

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Tinea Corporis- Ringworm

• Common in wrestling
• AKA- Tinea Gladiatroum
• Lesions have a ring-like eruption with red or
  brown plaques with raised border
• Appear on scalp, trunk and upper and lower
  extremities
• Spread by skin to skin contact

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Tinea infections

• Tinea cruris

• Tinea Pedis

• Jock Itch
• Rash, scaling small papules in groin and medial
  thigh area

• Athletes foot
• Redness, scaling, cracking and itching
• Soles of feet and in-between toe

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Bacterial Infections in Sports

• Impetigo
• Pustules that become crusted and rupture
• Highly contagious with skin to skin contact
• Treated with oral anti-biotic

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Bacteria Infections

• MRSA
• Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria or
  staph
• Start as red bumps and quickly turn into deep
  painful abscesses
• Can penetrate into blood stream, potentially
  causing life-threatening infections to body
  systems
• Treatment
• Antibiotics Draining abscesses

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Common Viral Infection in Sports

• Warts
• Verruca vulgaris
• Small tumors with dark centers
• May appear anywhere on body

• Treatment
• Cryosurgery
• Salicylic acid

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Verruca Plantaris Plantar warts

• Develop on sole of foot
• Pinpoint black spots
• Can be protected with donut-shaped pad to relieve
  pressure

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Eczema

• Itchy red rash
• Caused by
• Allergies
• Stress
• Temperature
• Drug reaction
• Scratching
• Sun exposure

• Treatment
• Corticosteroid Lotions and ointments
• Antihistamines
• Lotions to hydrate skin

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BLEEDING

• Arterial Bleeding
• Bright red and spurts
• Hard to stop and life-threatening
• Venous Bleeding
• Dark red and steady flow
• Easier to control
• Capillary Bleeding
• Slow and steady
• Greater chance of infection
• 10 loss of blood volume may be critical

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Controlling External Bleeding

• Apply direct pressure with sterile dressing
• Cover with a roller
• bandage
• Bleeding does not stop
• Additional dressing
• Minimize shock
• Call 911

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Internal Bleeding

• What do you do?
• CALL 911 Immediately!!
• DO not give anything to eat or drink
• Life threatening - Death will be the outcome
  without QUICK advanced medical care!

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Internal Bleeding Signs and Symptoms

• Tender, swollen, hard areas
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Skin cool, pale, moist
• Vomit blood
• Excessive thirst
• Confusion
• LOC

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SHOCK

• Life-threatening condition when there is not
  enough blood being delivered to vital organs
• SIGNALS
• Restless or altered level of consciousness
• Rapid breathing or pulse
• Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
• Thirsty

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Treatment for SHOCK

• Call 911 and monitor ABCs and vital signs, treat
  conditions
• Elevate legs 12 inches
• Keep person comfortable
• DO NOT give person anything to eat or drink

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Abdominal Injuries

• Ruptured Spleen
• Located ULQ
• Caused by blow to abdomen

• S/S rigid abdomen, nausea, vomiting and
  possible signs of shock
• Khers sign
• Left shoulder and arm pain
• Can cause profuse hemorrhaging and death

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Abdominal Injuries

• Appendicitis
• Located RLQ
• Caused by bacterial infection from an obstruction
• Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting and low
  fever, RLQ pain
• Surgery required

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Abdominal Injuries

• HERNIA
• Protrusion of abdominal viscera through abdominal
  wall
• Common in groin- inguinal hernia
• Superficial protrusion may be observed, pain is
  increased by sudden movements, coughing or
  sneezing
• Surgery required

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SPLINTING

• Only if the person must be moved
• In the position you find it
• Joints above and below must be immobile - SNUG
• Check circulation before and after (warmth,
  color)
• Only if you can do without causing more pain

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Head, Neck and Back Injuries

• Biggest Concern?
• Paralysis if moved
• Signal of One?
• Change in conscious
• Numbness or tingling or loss of movement
• Complain pain or point tenderness on cervical
  spine
• Care for?
• MINIMIZE MOVEMENT
• Provide in-line stabilization

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What if athlete is wearing a helmet?

• Do not remove
• IF need to gain access to airway use appropriate
  equipment to minimize movement of spine

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Care for Medical Conditions

• Seizure
• Protect from injury
• Do not put anything in mouth
• Do not hold down

• Faints
• Lay down elevate legs

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Care for Medical Conditions

• Diabetic (Too much or little sugar in persons
  blood)
• Give sugar if conscious

• Asthma
• Help administer inhaler

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Heat Illnesses

• Normally progress in severity
• Heat cramps
• Heat exhaustion
• Heat Stroke

• Caused by combination of strenuous activity and
  hot/humid weather
• Fluid imbalances

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Heat Cramps

• Result from fluid volume problem
• Can be prevented by drinking water before and
  throughout activity
• Stretch the affected muscle slowley

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Heat Illnesses

• Heat exhaustion
• Profuse sweating
• Pale skin
• Nausea
• Dizzy
• Headache
• Altered LOC

• Heat stroke
• Red, flushed dry skin, irritable, aggressive
• Headache
• Dizzy, weak
• Sweat mechanism shut off
• Most serious heat condition- call 911

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Treatment of Heat Illnesses

• Move victim to cool place
• Give cool water - small amounts if conscious
• Immerse in cold water or use ice towels
• Fan, sponge off
• Loosen clothing
• Victim not improve or wont drink call 911

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Cold-Related Illnesses

• Frostbite
• Lack of feeling
• Skin appears white waxy
• Skin cold to touch

• Hypothermia
• Shivering
• Numbness
• Glassy Stare
• Decrease LOC
• Weakness
• Impaired Judgement

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Treatment for Cold related illnesses

• Gently SLOWLY warm victim
• Warm too quickly can a cause heart arrhythmias
• Check ABCs
• Remove wet clothing and cover with blankets
• Handle carefully
• Frostbite
• Soak in warm water
• Cover - DO NOT RUB