Motherboard

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Motherboard
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How the Motherboard works

• The motherboard organizes the flow of information
  from one computer component to the next.
• It is in charge of allowing that flow to start
  with one component and end at another by
  traveling though the traces on the board moving
  at the proper speed

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How the Motherboard works

• The first thing a motherboard does is to take
  power from the power supply and provide the
  correct power in the form of the different
  voltages and send it to the components that need
  that particular voltage The motherboard tells the
  computer when to start though the electrical
  signal it receives from the case power on switch

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How the Motherboard works

• Next the motherboard starts the flow of
  information from the bios to check all the
  components on the board to make sure they are
  functioning properly.
• Then motherboard send this information through
  busses. These busses are controlled by two
  microprocessor a Northbridge chipset and a
  Southbridge chipset

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How the Motherboard works

• The Northbridge controls the frontside bus the
  one that connects the CPU and the RAM and video
  card bus.
• The Southbridge controls PCI, IDE, USB and SATA
  busses
• The busses simply help control the flow of
  information

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How the Motherboard works

• There is a bus between each peripheral device on
  the computer. You can think of these busses as
  highways that information can travel between the
  different parts of the computer. The faster the
  highway the fast the information moves or the
  wider the highway the more information you can
  move.

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How the Motherboard works
Slots and ports found on the motherboard include

• Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)- Slots or
  connections for video, sound and video capture
  cards, as well as network cards.
• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)- A dedicated port
  for video cards
• Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)- Interfaces
  for the hard drive
• Universal Serial Bus or Firewall- External
  peripherals
• Memory slots
• Peripheral Component Interconnect express (PCI-e)
• Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

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How the Motherboard works

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Types of motherboards

• Motherboards have different types but all
  motherboards these days are the ATX form factor
  but motherboard have had different ports and
  different slots (ISA, CPU, IDE, SATA, ARM, AGP,
  PCI-e, serial, LPT1, USB, MIDI and many others)
  as well as CPU socket types over the years on the
  next page

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How the Motherboard works
Current socket arrangements are often named for
the number of pins in the PGA. Commonly used
sockets are

• Sockets 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 all older processors from
  286-pentium
• Slot 1 and Slot A Pentium 2 and3 and Athlon
• 370 Pentium 3
• Socket 478 - for older Pentium and Celeron
  processors
• Socket F and J Pentium processors
• Socket 754 - for AMD Sempron and some AMD Athlon
  processors
• Socket 939 - for newer and faster AMD Athlon
  processors
• Socket AM2, AM2, AM3- for the newest AMD
  processors
• Socket 1155 and 1156 Intel icore processors

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How the Motherboard works

• The newest Intel CPU does not have a PGA. It has
  an LGA, also known as Socket T. LGA stands for
  Land Grid Array. An LGA is different from a PGA
  in that the pins are actually part of the socket,
  not the CPU.

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How the Motherboard works

• A motherboard's memory slots directly affect what
  kind and how much memory is supported. Just like
  other components, the memory plugs into the slot
  via a series of pins. The memory module must have
  the right number of pins to fit into the slot on
  the motherboard.
• In the earliest days of motherboards, virtually
  everything other than the processor came on a
  card that plugged into the board. Now,
  motherboards feature a variety of onboard
  accessories such as LAN support, video, sound
  support and RAID controllers.

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History

• 1975- Introduction of Apple 1, consisted of
  motherboard, keyboard, and a display.
• 1981 IBM develops its first motherboard
• 1987- Elitegroup Computer Systems Co. Ltd. became
  the largest supplier of motherboards in the
  world.
• 1993- First International Computer Inc. becomes
  largest motherboard manufacturer in the world.
• 1997- Intel Corp. plans to add to its monopoly in
  microprocessor by manufacturing motherboard.
• 2007- AsusTek becomes the worlds largest
  manufacturer of motherboards.

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Major Manufacturers and Prices

• Tyan
• ASUS
• Super Micro
• Intel
• AMD
• Diamond
• Amptron

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Resources

• http//www.pcupgrade.co.uk/productdetails.asp?Prod
  uctID829categoryid270
• http//www.top10links.com/cat.php/Electronics3ACo
  mputers3AHardware3AManufacturers3AMotherboards
• http//www.newegg.com/Store/SubCategory.aspx?SubCa
  tegory22nameAMD-Motherboards

• http//computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard1.htm
  
• http//www.pricewatch.com/motherboard_combos/
• http//www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-computer
  -motherboards.html
• http//www.amazon.com/SUPERMICRO-PDSMU-Motherboard
  -SATA-300-Ethernet/dp/B000XQAAVU