Probiotics

1
Probiotics

• The Best of The Bugs
• Theresa Greenwell
• Scientific Research Associate
• Market America

2

• The statements in this presentation have not been
  evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
• Probiotics are not intended to diagnose, treat,
  cure or prevent any disease.

3
Probiotics

• Live microorganisms that, when consumed in
• adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the
• host.
• -The World Health Organization (WHO) and the
  Food and Agriculture Association (FAO)

4
Dr. Eli Metchnikoff

• Father of Immunology
• Received Nobel Prize 1908
• First scientist to discover health benefits of
  probiotics

5
Probiotics

• Probiotics means for life in
  Latin
• Probiotics are often
  live bacteria with
  health benefits

• 10x more bacterial cells in the human
• body than there are human
• tissue cells
• Gastrointestinal tract is largest
• immune organ in human body (80
• of Immune System)

6
Probiotics-A Quick Overview

• Bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract
  known as microflora
• Often referred to as the "friendly",
  "beneficial", or "good" bacteria
• Symbiotic relationship with their human host
• Human provides food (nutrition) and shelter to
  bacteria bacteria provide their host with a
  variety of benefits
• Contribute to the health and microflora balance
  of the intestinal tract

7
Microflora Distribution in Gut
8
Interesting Facts

• Colonization occurs at birth with similar species
  to maternal species
• Specific organisms vary during first year
• Become established by 1 year
• In children and adults, successful use of
  probiotics leads to temporary colonization only
• Levels of beneficial bacteria constantly need to
  be replenished
• Source Probiotics Rescue, Allison Tannis, 2008
  p.3

9
Probiotic Benefits

• Immune support
• Help metabolize food and the absorption of
  nutrients
• Better nutrition from improved absorption of
  vitamins minerals
• Help internal generation of important vitamins
• Improve acid and bile tolerance
• Gut colonization
• Bowel regularity (improvements in constipation or
  diarrhea)
• Promote overall GI health

10
Probiotics in Action
Probiotics
11
Why Is There A Need?

• Thousands of people have depleted levels of good
  bacteria
• When good bacteria are depleted- digestion,
  absorption, and the production of nutrients are
  affected
• When good bacteria are depleted- the overgrowth
  of harmful bacteria can occur
• 60 70 million people (adults children) in the
  U.S. are afflicted with digestive problems

12
Influences On Good Bacteria

• Disease or illness
• Medications
• Unhealthy lifestyle habits
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol
• Poor diet
• High in meats and fats
• Low fiber intake

• Eating Processed Food
• Decreases friendly bacteria
• Fewer good natural bacteria
• Low fiber
• Stress
• Environmental and Emotional

13
What is a CFU?

• What is a CFU?
• CFU Colony Forming Units
• One CFU one live bacteria cell
• Live defined as being able to multiple and
  thereby form a colony

14
(No Transcript)
15
Probiotics Proposed Uses

• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Gastrointestinal conditions (IBS, Crohns,
  ulcerative colitis)
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Yeast-overgrowth
• Recurrent UTIs
• Atopic diseases
• Immune system enhancement (esp. AIDS, MS, lupus,
  rheumatoid arthritis)
• Hellicobacteria (H pylori) infections
• Dental caries
• Cardiovascular risk and cholesterol reduction
• And much more..

16
Lactobacillus acidophilus

• One of the most highly studied and widely used
  strains
• Found in yogurts and cheeses
• Resides primarily in the small intestine and
  vagina
• Produces vitamin K, lactase, B vitamins (folic
  acid, B6, B3) and natural antibiotics (lactocidin
  acidophilin)

17
Lactobacillus acidophilus

• In the intestinal tract
• Stimulates protective mucus production
• Inhibits pathogenic bacteria
• Studies have shown that it can help to improve
  digestive functions and boost the immune system

• Facilitates digestion in lactose-intolerant
  subjects

18
Lactobacillus acidophilusResearch In Children

• Oral administration, in conjunction with standard
  therapy (topical steroid
• ointment) significantly improved symptoms of
  atopic dermatitis in Japanese
• children.
• -Torii, S., et al. Effects of oral administration
  of Lactobacillus acidophilus L- 92 on symptoms
  and serum markets of atopic dermatitis in
  children.
• International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.
  154(3) 236-245, 2011.
• Daily dietary probiotic supplementation for 6
  months reduced the occurrence
• and duration of fever, running nose and cough,
  antibiotic prescription use, as
• well as the number of missed school days
  attributable to illness, for 3-5 years
• of age.
• - Leyer, G., et al. Probiotic effects on cold and
  influenza-like symptoms incidence and duration in
  children. Pediatrics. 124(2) 172-179, 2009.
• Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium
  bifidum shortened the duration
• of diarrhea and hospital stay, and normalized
  stool frequency of acute diarrhea
• in young children.
• - Kianifar, H., et al. Probiotics in the
  treatment of acute diarrhea in young children.
  Pediatrics. 34(3) 204-207, 2009.

19
Lactobacillus acidophilusResearch In Children

• The administration of live or killed probiotic
  for 2 weeks can
• decrease the results of a BHT in children with
  lactose
• malabsorption.
• -Rampengan, N., et al. Comparison of efficacies
  between live and killed probiotics in children
  with lactose malabsorption. The Southeast Asian
• Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health.
  41(2) 474-481, 2010.
• After administration of probiotics, 37 of
  preterm infants had
• good colonization in the GI tract and improved
  feeding tolerance.
• -Lee, S., et al. Effects of probiotics on enteric
  flora and feeding tolerance in preterm infants.
  Neonatology. 91(3) 174-179, 2007.

20
Lactobacillus acidophilusResearch In Adults

• Probiotics twice a day improved symptoms of
  bloating in patients with
• functional bowel disorders (FBDs). Data supports
  role for probiotic
• bacteria in the management of FBDs.
• -Ringel-Kulka, T., et al. Probiotic Bacteria
  Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and
  Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 Versus Placebo for
  the Symptoms of
• Bloating in Patients With Functional Bowel
  Disorders A Double-blind Study. Journal of
  Clinical Gastroenterology. 45(6) 518-525, 2011.
• 40 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),
  after 4 weeks of
• supplementation, had reduced scores for abdominal
  pain or discomfort.
• -Sinn, D., et al. Thereapeutic effect of
  Lactobacillus acidophilus- SDC 2012, 2013 in
  patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Digestive
  Diseases
• and Science. 53(10) 2714-2718, 2008.
• Prenatal and postnatal supplementation with
  probiotics mixture is an
• effective approach in preventing the development
  of eczema in infants at
• high risk of allergy during the first year of
  life.
• -Kim, J., et al. Effect of probiotic mix
  (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis,
  Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary
  prevention of
• eczema a double-blind, randomized,
  placebo-controlled trial. Pediatric Allergy and
  Immunology. 21(2p2) e386- e393, 2010.

21
Lactobacillus acidophilusResearch In Adults

• Ingestion of L. acidophilus by type 2 diabetics
  (45 males) for 4
• weeks resulted in insulin sensitivity
  preservation when compared
• with placebo.
• -Andreason, A., et al. Effects of Lactobacillus
  acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the
  systemic inflammatory response in human
• subjects. British Journal of Nutrition. 104(12)
  1831-1838, 2010.
• The daily administration of a lactobacilli-ferment
  ed milk was safe
• and effective in the prevention of
  antibiotic-associated diarrhea in
• hospitalized patients.
• -Beausoleil, M., et al. Effect of a fermented
  milk combining Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285
  and Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of
• antibiotic-associated diarrhea A randomized,
  double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The
  Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology.. 21(11)
  732-
• 736, 2007.

22
Lactobacillus rhamnosus

• One of the most extensively researched strains
• One of the most abundant bacteria in the
  intestinal tract prolific growth
• Very stable over a wide range of temperatures and
  pH levels
• Resistant to stomach acids and bile salts

23
Lactobacillus rhamnosus

• Relieves hypersensitivity reactions and
  intestinal conditions in individuals with eczema
  and food allergies
• Enhances immune system's resistance
• Inhibits the adhesion and growth of pathogens
• Beneficial in treating and preventing diarrhea

24
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Research In Children

• Results showed less dental caries and
  significantly reduced risk
• of caries. The effect was particularly clear in
  the 3 to 4yearolds.
• -Pessi, T., et al. Effect of long-term
  consumption of a probiotic bacterium,
  Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental
  caries and caries risk
• in children.. Caries Research. 35(6) 412-420,
  2001.
• Enhanced interleukin-10 (IL-10) generation by
  host immune cells
• substantiates the anti-inflammatory properties of
  specific probiotic
• bacteria strains while providing an additional
  reason for considering
• such treatments for children with intestinal
  inflammation.
• -Rubzcznski, M., et al. Interleukin-10 generation
  in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus
  rhamnosus GG. The Southeast Asian
• Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health.
  41(2) 474-481, 2010.

25
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Research In Children

• LGG significantly reduces the frequency and
  severity of abdominal
• pain in children with IBS this effect is
  sustained and may be
• secondary to improvement of the gut barrier.
• -Magista, A., et al. A randomized controlled
  trial of Lactobacillus GG in children with
  functional abdominal pain. Pediatrics. 126(6)
  e1445-e1452,
• 2010.
• Administration of L. rhamnosus (strains E/N, Oxy
  and Pen) to
• children receiving antibiotics reduced the risk
  related diarrhea.
• -Pessi, T., et al. Clinical trial effectiveness
  of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (strains E/N, Oxy and
  Pen) in the prevention of antibiotic-associated
• diarrhoea in children. Alimentary Pharmacology
  Therapeutics. 28(1) 154-161, 2008.

26
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Research In Adults

• Study showed efficacious use of lactobacilli and
  antibiotic in the
• eradication of bacterial vaginosis (BV).
• -Anukam, K., et al. Augmentation of antimicrobial
  metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with
  oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1
• and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 randomized,
  double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes
  and Infection. 8 1450-1454, 2006.
• Test subjects experienced a significant decrease
  in the levels of
• serum total cholesterol and triglycerides.
  Lactobacillus p. may
• help to regulate the blood lipid levels of
  hyperlipidemia subjects.
• -Hong, J., et al. Auxiliary effects of
  Lactobacillus plantarum ST-? strain on blood
  lipids regulation. Pharmaceutical Care and
  Research. 2,
• 2010.

27
Lactobacillus plantarum

• Comes from the ingestion of vegetables vegetable
  in origin
• Synthesizes
• Vitamins K, A, B1, B2, B3, B5, and B6
• Short chain fatty acids
• L-lysine (amino acid w/ anti-viral activity)
• Lactolin (natural antibiotic)

28
Lactobacillus plantarum

• Especially good for treating and preventing
• GI pathogens
• GI related conditions
• Diarrhea
• Allergies
• Enhances the immune system functions
• Stimulates production of immune cells
• Promotes repair of damaged cells

29
Lactobacillus plantarumResearch in Children

• Feeding autistic children Lactobacillus p.
  significantly increased
• healthy bacteria counts, while significantly
  reducing pathogenic
• bacteria. Results indicated significant
  differences in stool
• consistency and behavior scores compared to
  baseline.
• -Parracho, H., et al. A double-blind,
  placebo-controlled, crossover-designed probiotic
  feeding study in children diagnosed with autistic
• spectrum disorders. Journal of Probiotics and
  Prebiotics. 5(2) 69-74, 2010.
• The mean number of watery stools (diarrhea) per
  day was
• significantly lower in the group of children
  receiving probiotics.
• -Szymariski, H., et al. Bifidobacterium longum
  PL03, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL53A, and
  Lactobacillus plantarum PL02 in the Prevention of
• Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children A
  Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Digestion.
  7813-17, 2008.

30
Lactobacillus plantarumResearch in Adults

• Probiotic treatment increased immune response,
  reduced
• infections, and lowered the mortality in elderly
  patients in a
• residential facility.
• -Marie, J., et al. A mixture of Lactobacillus
  plantarum CECT7315 and CECT7316 enhances systemic
  immunity in elderly subjects. A dose
• response, double-blind, placebo-controlled,
  randomized pilot trial. Nutricion Hospitalaria.
  26(1) 228-235, 2011.
• L. plantarum decreased several immune markers
  related to
• allergy, and may have the potential to alleviate
  the severity of
• seasonal allergy symptoms.
• -Snei, J., et al. Strain-specific
  immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus
  plantarum strains on birch-pollen-allergic
  subjects out of season.
• Clinical Experimental Allergy. 41(2) 232-242,
  2011.

31
Lactobacillus plantarumResearch in Adults

• 4 weeks of treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum
  was shown to be
• very effective for the relief of symptoms,
  particularly abdominal pain
• and bloating in IBS patients.
• -Prabha, D., et al. Evaluation of Lactobacillus
  plantarum 299v efficacy in IBS results of a
  randomized placebo-controlled trial in 200
  patients.
• Gastroenterology. 138(5, Supplement 1)
  s617-s617, 2010.

32
Points to Ponder

• Probiotics are more popular than ever before
• Research to support use is growing
• Good for adults and children
• In the future we may be using probiotics as we
  use many medications today with specific strains
  used for certain clinical situations