ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE COLLECTION

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ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE COLLECTION
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SAMPLE COLLECTION

• Lynn Milberg
• Mandy Sappington

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TOPICS OF DISCUSSION

• ORGANIZING THE SAMPLING
• COLLECTING THE SAMPLE / FIELD MEASUREMENTS
• SAMPLE HANDLING / DOCUMENTATION
• SAFETY

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• Organizing the
• Sampling Event

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• What should I
• Sample for?

• Where Should I Sample?

• Do I Need to Contact
• Anyone?

• When Should I
• Start Sampling
• and for how long?

• What Type of Equipment Do I Need?

• Why Me?

• What is the Purpose of
• the Sampling Event?

• What Sample Containers Do I Need?

• Is sampling
• necessary?

• What happened?

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WHAT IS THE GOAL OF THE SAMPLING EVENT?

• Is sampling necessary?

• Who is the best person(s) to conduct the sampling
  event?

• What parameters will be sampled?

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WHAT IS THE GOAL OF THE SAMPLING EVENT?

• Where and when should samples be collected?

• What type of equipment and containers will be
  needed?

• IT IS THE JOB OF THE COLLECTOR TO MINIMIZE
  INFLUENCES THAT MAY JEOPARDIZE THE QUALITY AND
  INTEGRITY OF THE SAMPLE!

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Make a check list!

• Itinerary and Vehicle Reservation
• Permit, Quad Maps and SOP's
• Sample Labels and Chain of Custody Record
• Field Notebook, Camera and Cell Phone
• Sample Containers (Cubie, VOA, Glass jars)
• Chemical Preservatives (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH,
  NH4Cl, Na2S2O3)
• Grab Pole, Bucket and Rope
• D.I. Water, Paper Towels, Chem Wipes, Nitrile
  Gloves
• Extra Batteries

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Where would you sample?
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You should notify CAS of all incoming samples
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WHO TO CONTACT ESP Main Number
573-526-3315 Connie Giesing Chemical Analysis
Section Chief Chris Boldt Inorganic Unit
Chief Curt Lueckenhoff Organic Unit
Chief Brenda Mace Sample Receiving
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• Collecting the
• Sample

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What is a sample?

• A "Sample" is a representative portion of
  material (water, soil, sludge, sediment, waste
  oil, etc.).
• A "Sample Container" is something in which the
  material is held or carried, such as a jar or a
  vial.
• Depending upon the parameters requested and
  the analytical requirements a single "Sample" may
  require one or more "Sample Containers".

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NECESSARY STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs)

• MDNR-FSS-001 Containers, Volumes, Preservatives,
  Holding Times, and Special Sampling
  Consideration.
• MDNR-FSS-002 Field Sheet and Chain-of-Custody
  Record.
• MDNR-FSS-003 Sample Numbering and Labeling.
• MDNR-FSS-004 Field Documentation.
• MDNR-FSS-005 General Considerations Including the
  Collection of Grab, Composite, and Modified
  Composite Samples from Streams and
  Wastewater Flows.

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COLLECTING THE SAMPLE

• MAKE SURE COLLECTION DEVICES, SAMPLE CONTAINERS,
  ETC. ARE APPROPRIATE.

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Various sampling devices
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Various sample containers
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COLLECTING THE SAMPLE

• COLLECT A REPRESENTATIVE
• SAMPLE.

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Collect a representative sample
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Pollutants hugging bank
Incomplete mixing
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COLLECTING THE SAMPLE

• GRAB SAMPLES ARE INDIVIDUAL
• SAMPLES COLLECTED AT DISCRETE
• LOCATIONS OR TIMES THAT ARE
• KEPT SEPARATE FROM ALL OTHER
• SAMPLES.

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Collecting Grab Samples
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COLLECTING THE SAMPLE

• COMPOSITE SAMPLES ARE A
• COMBINATION OF INDIVIDUAL
• SAMPLES, USUALLY COLLECTED
• OVER A DESIGNATED PERIOD OF
• TIME OR AREA THAT ARE TREATED
• AS ONE SAMPLE.

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Composite Sampling
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COLLECTING FIELD MEASUREMENTS

• PERFORM ALL FIELD MEASUREMENTS IMMEDIATELY AND ON
  SEPARATE ALIQUOT OF SAMPLE.

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Collecting field measurements
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Typical Statewide Conductivity Values
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pH of Common Substances and pH Limits for Aquatic
Life
1999, The Adopt-A-Stream Foundation
Streamkeepers Field Guide
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Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
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Quality Control Program
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Collecting a sample from a WWTP using a 24 hour
composite sampler
Parameters to be collected BOD NFR NH3 VOA
Trip blank
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Composite
NFR
Grab
VOA
BOD
NH3
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Trip Blanks
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• Sample Handling

• Documentation

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SAMPLE HANDLING

• LABEL SAMPLE CONTAINERS
• IMMEDIATELY.
• FILL ALL NECESSARY CONTAINERS FOR ANALYSES
  DESIRED.
• PRESERVE SAMPLES APPROPRIATELY AND IMMEDIATELY.
• COMPLETE THE CHAIN-OF-
• CUSTODY RECORD

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SAMPLE HANDLING

• PLACE SAMPLE CONTAINERS IN COOLER WITH ICE.
• ADHERE TO REQUIRED HOLDING TIMES.
• TRANSPORT SAMPLES TO ESP LABORATORY.

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Pre-numbered Label
Unnumbered Label
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LABELING OF SAMPLES

• Pre-numbered labels are required on EVERY sample.

• Labels that are not pre-numbered MUST have a
  sample number added by the collector.

• Circle the appropriate disinfection and
  preservative.

• The date, time and the sample collectors
  initials must match the information written on
  the chain-of-custody record.

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BOD

• Example

PAR
0223619

• Example

Total Fe
PAR
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Patricia Rielly
BOD, Total Fe
0223619
1/3/02
1345
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When do I need more than one SAMPLE?

• WHEN THE SAMPLE MATRIX CHANGES (E.G., AIR, WATER,
  SOIL).
• WHEN THE SAMPLE LOCATION CHANGES.
• WHEN THE SAMPLE TYPE CHANGES
  (E.G., GRAB, COMPOSITE).
• WHEN A QA/QC SAMPLE IS NECESSARY.

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CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY

• MOST FREQUENT DOCUMENT
• REQUIRED AND SCRUTINIZED IN
• COURT.

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CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY

• SERVES AS A FIELD SHEET FOR
• DOCUMENTATION OF FIELD
• MEASUREMENTS, TIME AND DATE OF
• COLLECTION, SAMPLE DESCRIPTION,
• ETC.
• DOCUMENTS IN A LEGALLY
• DEFENSIBLE MANNER THE HISTORY
• OF COLLECTION, TRANSFER, AND
• TRANSPORT OF EACH SAMPLE.

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Trish Rielly
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Mark Newer Bob Smith
1
1
04125123
5/23
X
X
340
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3.25
1
1
Biological Oxygen Demand
04125123
X
5/23
X
340
Mark Smith
5/23/04
430
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Treatment Plant
effluent
WPINS
Same as above
WPINS
Sample contains chlorine
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What Are Trip Blanks

• Trip blanks are analyte-free water samples that
  are prepared in the laboratory and kept along
  side other sample containers throughout the
  sampling event (sampling, sample preparation,
  shipping and storage.)
• Trip blanks should contain the same volume and
  preservative as the field sample.

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What Are Trip Blanks (cont.)

• Trip blanks are unopened throughout the sampling
  event and are used
• to insure that samples are not
• exposed to contaminants or cross-
• contamination during the sample
• event
• to help document container
• cleanliness

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When Should Trip Blanks Be Collected

• Trip blank should be included when water samples
  are to be collected when volatile and
  semi-volatiles are requested for analyses. The
  need for a trip blank will be noted (20) in SOP
  001.
• One trip blank is required for each day and LDPR
  code collected.
• The trip blanks are assigned a separate sample
  number.

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Collecting a sample from a WWTP using a 24 hour
composite sampler
Parameters to be collected BOD NFR NH3 VOA
Trip blank
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Composite
NFR
Grab
VOA
BOD
NH3
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Trip Blanks
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Lynn Milberg
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X
Lynn Milberg
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FECMP
FECMP
FECMP
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Collecting a grab sample from a groundwater
monitoring well
Parameters to be collected T (NH3) TR (Fe, Cd,
Mn, Sb, Cr, Pb, Ag, Zn) VOA Trip blank
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Grab Sample
TR(Metals)
T(NH3)
VOA
1 sample type - 1 sample number
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Trip Blanks
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Lynn Milberg
x
6
Lynn Milberg
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FESWS
FESWS
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FIELD NOTES

• USE A BOUND
• FIELD NOTEBOOK.
• USE INDELIBLE INK.
• ENTRIES SHOULD
• BE MADE AT LEAST
• ON A DAILY BASIS.

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Field Notes

• Date and Time
• Facility Name
• Sample Collection Location
• Contact Person
• Weather Conditions
• Sample Numbers and Request of Analyses
• Field Measurement Data and Calibration Data
• Locational Data
• Sample Characteristics (odor and color)
• Any Unusual Observations

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FIELD NOTES

• TAPE RECORDERS ARE
• ACCEPTABLE BUT SHOULD BE
• TRANSCRIBED DAILY.
• NOTES BECOME PART OF THE
• PERMANENT RECORD.

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• Safety

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SAFETY

• DO NOT ENTER CONFINED SPACES
• SUCH AS MANHOLES, TRENCHES, ETC.
• BE AWARE OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• ICE, FLOODING, STEEP BANKS, HEAVY
• EQUIPMENT, BRIDGES, ETC.

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SAFETY

• BE AWARE OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• ACID AMPULES, UNKNOWN
• CONSTITUENTS IN SAMPLES, ETC.
• USE PROPER SAFETY EQUIPMENT
• BOOTS, HARDHAT, SAFETY GLASSES,
• GLOVES.

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Health and Safety
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SUMMARY OF SAMPLE COLLECTION

• ORGANIZE THE SAMPLING TRIP
• COLLECT HANDLE THE SAMPLES PROPERLY
• DOCUMENT RECORD PROPERLY

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SUMMARY OF SAMPLE COLLECTION

• THINK SAFETY