Teeth / Jaw

1
Continue on to Set 16C
Teeth / Jaw Diet
2

• the lower jaw
• mandible
• related term
• mandibular torus

3
The jaw . . .

• in apes mandibles slant outward and downward,
  without a chin
• (prognathism)

4
Pongid Prognathism. (Line of greatest muscle
force is shown in red.)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 245
5
The jaw . . .

• in humans lower jaw is comparatively small, but
  always has a distinct chin

6
Modern human cranium.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 432
7
(No Transcript)
8
The teeth . . .

• apes have a simian shelf rather than a chin

9
(No Transcript)
10
The teeth . . .

• ape teeth have cusp patterns for the lower molars
  similar to those of humans . . .

11
The teeth . . .
apes have a Y-5 pattern

• rather than a plus-4 pattern . . .

12
plus-4
Y-5
Y-5
13
(No Transcript)
14
The teeth . . .

• apes (and monkeys) still possess conical,
  daggerish canines which project well beyond the
  surface of the opposite teeth . . .

15
(No Transcript)
16
The teeth . . .

• apes (and monkeys) have diastemata, spaces
  opposite the large canine teeth . . .
• (diastemata plural of diastema)

17
The teeth . . .

• diastema
• a space in the tooth row that accommodates one or
  more teeth from the opposite jaw

18
Teeth of a male patas monkey.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 205
19
The teeth . . .

• both apes and humans have
• 8 incisors I
• 4 canines C
• 8 premolars P
• 12 molars M
• abbreviations

20
The teeth . . .

• both apes and humans have the same dental
  formula
• 2.1.2.3. 2.1.2.3.

21
Donald Johanson and Maitland Edey, Lucy The
Beginnings of Humankind. NY Simon Schuster,
1981.
22
Dental formulae
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 120
23
The teeth . . .

• apes have a U-shaped jaw . . .

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
The teeth . . .

• in humans the plate is arched and curves outward
  at the back (parabolic arch) . . .

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
The teeth . . .

• the overall evolutionary trend is toward smaller
  teeth

30
(No Transcript)
31
Continue on to Set 16D
Next Other Changes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 136