Abdominal And Thorax Injuries

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Abdominal And Thorax Injuries

• The Guts And Tummy Aches Of Sports Medicine
• Chapter 21

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Abdominal Vocabulary

• Boardlike rigidity- Hardness in the abdomen that
  can not be relaxed
• Dyspnea- Difficult breathing
• Hematuria- blood in the urine possibly due to
  kidney damage
• Hemothorax- blood in the pleural cavity
• Hernia- protrusion of abdominal viscera through
  the abdominal wall
• Kehrs sign- pain that radiates to the left
  shoulder and 1/3 down the arm
• McBurneys point- 1/3 the distance between the
  anterosuperior iliac spine and the umbilicus
• Peritoneum- serous membrane lining of the
  abdominal wall
• Pneumothorax- collaspe on one lung by the pleural
  cavity becoming filled with air through an
  opening in the chest
• Solar plexus- middle portion of the abdomen,
  network of nerves
• Traumatic asphyxia- cessation of breathing caused
  by a direct blow
• Viscera- internal abdominal organs

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Abdominal Injuries

• You will be able to identify abdominal/thorax
  structures.
• You will be able to describe the functions of
  those structures.
• You will be able to recognize and treat injuries
  to the abdominal region.

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ANATOMY Four Quadrants

• 1.Upper right.
• Right lobe of liver, part of heart, right kidney,
  gall bladder.
• 2. Upper left.
• Left lobe of liver, left kidney, part of heart,
  spleen, stomach.
• 3. Lower right.
• Appendix, intestines.
• 4. Lower left.
• intestines.
• Upper middle- pancreas
• Lower middle- bladder

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Four Quadrants
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Anatomical Structures Of The Abdomen And Thorax

• 1. Spleen the largest lymphatic organ in the
  body. Stores RBC (red blood cells), produce
  antibodies for immunological function
• 2. Liver largest internal organ. Absorbs/stores
  glucose, process nutrients
• 3. Kidneys filter metabolic waste from blood and
  excretes through urine
• 4. Pancreas produces insulin that control the
  amount of glucose/amino acids in the blood. Aids
  in digestion of fats, CHO, proteins
• 5. Gallbladder stores bile
• 6. Heart
• 7. Small intestine absorption and digestion of
  food is done here. 20 feet
• 8. Large intestine expels waste, 6.5 feet

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Anatomical structures

• Sternum
• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid process
• Ribs
• Sternal ribs/ true ribs 1-7
• False ribs 8-10
• Floating ribs 11-12
• Costal cartilage
• Intercostal muscle

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Injuries And Treatment Of Abdominal Region

• Abdominal muscle strains
• Internal/external obliques, rectus abdominis,
  transverse abdominis
• S/S pain and loss of function
• Hernia-
• S/S pain with movement, deformity, loss of
  function
• Side ache-idiopathic condition

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Injuries Continued

• Appendicitis
• Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting
• Low grade fever, localized pain in the
• Right side, cant sit still, pain with
  hyperextension of thigh
• McBurneys point
• Rx. Hospital
• Blow to the solar plexus
• Anoxia, paralysis to the diaphragm,
• Have them relax, breathe easy, tell them to take
  a deep breath

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Injuries continued

• Spleen injury
• Mono enlarges and weakens
• Kehrs sign
• Shock
• Rx Treat for shock and call EMS

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Injuries Cont.

• Liver contusion.
• Rare, hepatitis, leads to shock, pain.
• Referred behind right scapula, rt. Shoulder,
  substernal area.
• RxDr. and treat for shock.
• Kidney contusion.
• Direct blow, blood in the urine.
• RxDr.

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• Rib fractures/sternum Fx.
• Anatomyintercostals muscles and cartilage.
• Very point tender, and difficulty breathing.
• Rx Dr., treat for shock, keep calm, monitor
  vitals

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Injuries Cont.

• Costochondral separation/dislocation.
• Same as rib fx.
• Hemothorax.
• Blood within the pleural cavity.
• Same as above.

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• Pneumothorax.
• Air in the pleural cavity leads to collapsed
  lung.
• Pain, anoxia, difficulty in breathing.

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Special Considerations

• Diabetes
• S/S
• Tired/irritable
• Losing weight
• Urinating all the time
• Eating a lot
• Weak

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• MHHE Health Human Performance Supersite
• Unit 24 01-04 Thorax and Abdominal Injuries