Title: DILEMMAS OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY IN THE TIME OF THE EUROPEAN ENLARGEMENT
1DILEMMAS OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY
IN THE TIME OF THE EUROPEAN ENLARGEMENT
- Tamás Fleischer
- Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences - lthttp//www.vki.hu/tfleischgtlttfleisch_at_vki.hugt
Lecture at the University of Osnabrück
Europäische Integration und gesellschaftlicher
Strukturwandel Osnabrück, 23 June, 2004.
2Dilemmas of the Central European Transport
Policy in time of EU Enlargement
- (1) Corridors (TEN) in western Europe were based
on the internal demand of the area, namely on the
necessity of the interconnection of well
developed national networks (Common network to
the common market) - (2) In the eastern part of Europe the starting
point was external the extension of the TEN
network toward the east. Their priority is
exaggerated in countries where internal
connections also would need enforcement - (3) Furthermore, in Hungary interregional
corridors are planned in a mistaken structure,
strengthening the earlier single-centred hierarchy
3Dilemmas of the Central European Transport
Policy in time of EU Enlargement
- Introduction. The importance of the network
level approach - Spatial dimension of sustainability
- What do the transport network can do?
- About the motorway networks
- Conclusions, summary
4Spatial dimension of sustainability Besides
temporal relations of sustainability, we also
have to underline the spatial interconnections
- UN Bruntland report (Our Common Future 1987)
definition of sustainable development meets the
needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs - The general sustainability approach focus on the
time dimension of sustainability taking care on
the environmental conditions of the future
generations (inter-generation solidarity) - Also important to speak about the spatial
conditions of sustainability as spatial
solidarity and spatial interdependence - or
intra-generation solidarity and spatial
self-defence - Inter-generation connection is a one-way
relation our responsibility for future
generations, - they cant do anything for us...
5Spatial dimension of sustainability Besides
temporal relations of sustainability, we also
have to underline the spatial interconnections
- Intra-generation relation is a two-ways relation
the activity of others can also effect our
circumstances and possibilities. We have to
count on their solidarity, but this is not
enough, we must also do for defending our
environment. Sustaining our activity in a
changing environment out of the solidarity we
need also a kind of self-defence. - The key concept space of places and space of
flows (Castells, Manuel 1996 The Rise of the
Network Society - The Information Age). Space of
places is our physical environment that has
meaning and importance for us, with its order,
culture, rules, and internal structures. Space of
flows is the field of force the effects arriving
from outside. This latter is not a continuous
space, but space of individual effects.
6Spatial dimension of sustainability Besides
temporal relations of sustainability, we also
have to underline the spatial interconnections
- Sustainability is also a fight for control over
space out of control over time. Space of places
must retain its autonomy and its meaning
independently from the evolution and dynamics of
the space of flows (Castells) - Castells do not want to exclude external impacts
and do not deny the possibility of internal
changes, just underlines that too rapid and too
sudden external effects not serve, but rather
disintegrate internal relations and structures. -
defence is needed against.
7What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- Above terms can be translated to economic and
transport relations using terms as provision,
(connections of the space of places) and.
accessibility, through traffic and by-passing.
(trajectories of the space of flows) (Fleischer
T. Regions, borders and networks Tér és
Társadalom 2001/3-4).
Different network relations relative to a region
Source After Plogmann (1980), with own additions
8What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- The existence of a proper internal network is the
precondition of the harmonised operation of a
region. - A main target of the transport is to make
prosperous the world of the starting and
destination points in a region - and not the
good transport in itself. - Importance of the neighbourhood relations and
embeddedness (agglomerations, clusters etc.). - The physical networks of a region reserve the
paths of earlier connections as a memory, and
make easier to sustain or create again similar
relations.gt
9What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The different network patterns of the western and
the eastern side of the Polish railway network
Source Ray, Violette (1991) Borders versus
Networks in Eastern Central Europe. Flux,
Vol.1. No.3.
10What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The 20 of Polish gminas with lowest own income
per capita, 1998
Source Gorzelak G Jalowiecki B (2002)
European Boundaries Unity or Division of the
Continent? Regional Studies, Vol.36. No.4.
11What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- The pattern of the internal structure is
determining, whether a given region becomes
prosperous. - In case of strictly hierarchical structures the
nods are in key positions as the flows are not
able to avoid them. The consequences are
rigidity, vulnerability and the lack of
flexibility. - The importance of a grid structure is, that
different points of a region are helped to be at
a more equal position, that is it decreases (and
not increases) the differences owing to their
position.gt
12What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The distinction between centripetal and
centrifugal networks Source Rodrigue, J-P
(1998-2003), Dept. of Economics Geography,
Hofstra University
13What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- The multi-directionality and multi-laterality of
the accessibility is of basic importance for the
development of a region. - Among the external relations a difference has to
be taken between large scale backbone relations
and neighbour (co-operation) relations. (Later is
an extension of the internal provision relations)
gt - The symmetry or the asymmetry of the impacts
depend on the difference in the development of
the interconnected regions. Interconnecting to
each other developed and less developed regions,
it is to be considered that what measure and
tempo of the external changes is bearable for the
less developed structure.
14What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
Source http//www.khvm.hu/EU-integracio/A_magyaro
rszagi_TINA_halozat/Image11.gif The Helsinki, or
pan-European transport corridors
15What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- Effects of the EU Common Transport Policy (1992)
on the Eastern region the dominance of the
space of flows. - Hungarian Transport Policy (1996) in spite of
the well-balanced five strategic objectives, the
promotion of the integration to the EU has got
a dominant role - especially in an interpretation
as if the key element of the integration would be
the urgent construction of the main corridors.
This understanding overstresses the interregional
level of relations (supporter of the space of
flows) within a multi-layered system at the cost
of the inter-village and inter-urban relations
(that is the carrier of the space of places) .
16What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- The through traffic has to be transmitted across
a region with the minimal possible disturbance of
the internal circumstances.Central position of a
country is a positive endowment, similar to those
kind of advantages as the richness in raw
materials of a region. Transit cant be excluded
but- Must make an end of the myth of the
quantity (more transit- would be more
benefit)- Better modal split consideration
necessary in serving the transit,- The through
and the local interest traffic should be
separated in its system. (What is happening in
Hungary is just the opposite gt)
17What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The secondary road network of Hungary reserved
the imprint of the cart tracks connecting
villages
18What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The main road network created a new structure and
interconnected towns to each other
19What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The new inter-regional road system didnt create
a new structure, but has been built on the main
roads
20What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
Hungary plans to lead the transit traffic through
its most heavily loaded areas that would need
rather protection
21What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
The objective is, that the through traffic should
cause but minimal disturbance to the life of the
country in the areas it crosses. Therefore it
should(a) interconnect the border-points given
on the pan-European network, (b) cross the
country with minimal overall length,gt (c) avoid
the ecologically sensitive, the densely
inhabited, the, traffic laden areas, gt(d)
encourage the use of means and modes of transport
that pollute the less, (e) enable the payment
of the costs of transit by those crossing the
country.
22What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- Avoidance of ecologically sensitive areas (or
sensitive because of traffic or social reason)
get more and more stress.Example Austrian plan
to defend the lake Ferto (Neusiedler)Counter
example construction of the motorways in Hungary
along the lake Balaton (Plattensee),Planned
system of pan-European corridors across the area
of the Hungarian capital.
23What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
Forrás A 8. sz. foút fejlesztési feladatai...
UKIG Hálózatfejlesztési Foosztálya 2000. szept. 13
Helsinki corridors and the additive elements of
the TINA-network
24What do the transport network can do? Provision,
accessibility, transit, by-passing
- Model of an effective inter-regional corridor
system in Hungary
Main elements three east-west corridors, four
north-south corridors and additional rectangular
elements. The model also demonstrate two
sensitive areas, the resort area of lake Balaton
and the conurbation of Budapest as avoidable
zones for transit. Thick line shows the suggested
crossing of the country by the two most important
pan-European corridors (No. 4-and No. 5)
25A possible inter-regional corridor network
structure in Hungary
26A possible inter-regional corridor network
structure in Hungary
27A possible inter-regional corridor network
structure in Hungary
28A possible inter-regional corridor network
structure in Hungary
Forrás Fleischer Tamás Magyar Emoke Tombácz
Endre Zsikla György (2001) A Széchenyi Terv
autópálya-fejlesztési programjának stratégiai
környezeti hatásvizsgálata. 109 p. A Budapesti
Közgazdaságtudományi és Államigazgatási Egyetem
Környezettudományi Intézetének tanulmányai, 6.
szám. Sorozatszerkeszto Kerekes Sándor és Kiss
Károly. Budapest, 2001 december
29And the official motorway network development
plan Sztrada express GKM 2003
30Patkó Károly Útjavítók (1928)
31Summary of the general findings
- Among the aspects of a sustainable transport
system, the lecture picked out those relating to
a network system. - Focusing on the spatial dimension of
sustainability we stressed the impor-tance of the
spatial self-defence in calming the effects of
externally led quick changes. Internal networks,
internal structure, improvement of spatial
adaptivity - these are considered to be the
key-elements of the spatial sustainability. - Transport networks have important role in
reserving the internal structure. Physical
networks reserve as a memory the structure of
earlier internal (economic, social) relations,
and are able to conserve these relations. - Now-a-day we see the construction of a new
relation level. The motorway corridors planned
actually are not fit to the network requirements
of the sustainability. Their priority oppresses
the other elements of a multi-functional and
multi-layer system beyond that the corridors in
themselves are planned in a mistaken structure.
32DILEMMAS OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY
IN THE TIME OF THE EUROPEAN ENLARGEMENT
THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !
- Tamás Fleischer
- Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences - lthttp//www.vki.hu/tfleischgtlttfleisch_at_vki.hugt
Lecture at the University of Osnabrück
Europäische Integration und gesellschaftlicher
Strukturwandel Osnabrück, 23 June, 2004.