Learning in Science

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Learning in Science
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Vygotsky(Constructivist)

• Learning stems from experience
• Involves language (and discussion)
• Clarifies thinking
• Requires processing
• Within a social and cultural context
• Within Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
• Is contextually-based
• Howe, 1996

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Vygotsky(Constructivist)

• People learn
• Everyday concepts (spontaneous)
• Scientific concepts (non-spontaneous)
• Concepts
• Are constructed
• Linked concepts transfer to new experiences
• Howe, 1996

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Piaget(Constructivist)

• Learning is active, constructive process
• Learning derived from experience
• New Knowledge
• Assimilated
• Accommodated
• Learning is individual and internally driven
• Developmental stages in learning
• Linked to physical development
• Limit learning
• Howe, 1996

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Prior Knowledge

• Id like the duck, but I have a plane to catch.

I was brought into a large white room and my eyes
began to blink because the bright light hurt them.
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Prior Knowledge
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Constructivism

• Concepts regularities in events or objects
• Consider
• Chair
• Dog
• Running
• Blue
• Sunny
• Novak, 2002

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Prior Knowledge
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Prior Knowledge

• Which does not belong in this group?
• Salamander
• Jellyfish
• Tree
• Fish
• Jesse Ventura

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Constructivism

• Knowledge
• Builds on Prior Knowledge
• Derived from reality
• Is adaptive, useful
• Is rational
• Created by individuals
• Socially constructed
• Shapiro, 1994

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Constructivism

• Knowledge
• Rote (situated )
• Fuzzy Conceptions (Alternative conceptions)
• Meaningful
• Cognitive network Schema
• Illustrated through concept maps
• Includes misconceptions
• Novak, 2002

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Constructivist terminology

• Proposition A statement identifying the
  relationship between concepts
• Consider
• Flowers have pistils.
• Flowers are part of plants.
• Dogs have legs.
• Water flows down hill.

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Prior Knowledge
Pyrrhuloxia
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Concept Maps
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Misconceptions

• Examples
• Seasons
• Condensation

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Misconceptions

• Constructed from experience, prior knowledge
• Rational (make sense)
• Useful
• Common and typical
• Stable and resistant to change