Development of an Air Quality Management System for the City of Bogota Colombia

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Development of an Air Quality Management System
for the City of Bogota (Colombia)
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University of Los Andes
UNIANDES is one of the leading academic
institutions in the country It has numerous
collaboration projects with other academic
institutions inside and outside the country DCEE
offers two undergraduate programs, as well as
four graduate programs Several research centers
are part of DCEE, including the environmental
engineering research center (CIIA)
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Bogota City
Average altitude 2600 m ASL 7.000.000
Inhabitants 1.000.000 Vehicles 4.000
Industries Continuous air quality decline in the
city Mitigation strategies have been adopted
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(No Transcript)
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Development of an air quality management system
(AQMS)
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University of Los Andes
UNIANDES is in charge of the development of
the AQMS for Bogota in cooperation with EPFL
(2001 to 2005)
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Objectives

• To achieve a complete emission inventory for
  the
• city
• To develop an air quality model adapted to
• Bogotas topographic and meteorological
  conditions
• To analyse the feasibility of the mitigation
  strategies
• To obtain a better tool for planning the air
  quality
• management in the city

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Design of the project
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Design of the project
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Initial conditions

• Model selection
• Model domain and temporal resolution
• Measuring campaigns/
• episode selection

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Initial conditions

• Model selection
• - Meteorological model FVM (EPFL)
• is a three dimensional eulerian meteorological
• model using a terrain following-grid with
  finite
• volume discretization
• - Photochemical model TAPOM (EPFL)
• It is a three dimensional eulerian model, it
  uses
• finite volume discretization

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Initial conditions

• Model domain
• Area 212 x 212 Km
• Cells 4 x 4 Km
• Temporal resolution 1 h

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Initial conditions

• Measuring campaigns/episode selection

Measuring campaign from february to march 2002
- Two standard ground stations - Two open path
DOAS - Analytical measurements - Tethered
balloon O3, RH, T profiles - Bogota Air
quality network (12 stations)
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Design of the project
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Emission inventory

• Spatial/temporal resolution
• The spatial an temporal distribution of the
• emissions are in agreement with the
• domain selected for the model simulations
• Emission calculation
• Sources and pollutants included
• Some results

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Emission inventory

• Emission calculation

A dedicated GIS-based emission model has
been used (AIREMIS - ACRI) It is a system
that adapts the CORINAIR methodology
using local conditions AIREMIS generates
punctual, linear and areal
emissions Local emission factors can be used,
if available
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Emission inventory

• Sources and pollutants included

Sources are classified in 4 groups -
Stationary sources - Mobile sources - Aerial
sources - Natural environment
Pollutants included CO SO2 NOx CH4
VOCNM CO2 PM10
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Emission inventory
Stationary sources in the Bogotá zone

• Stationary sources
• Point sources
• - Important Industries
• (106)
• Areal sources
• - Small industries
• (4712)
• - Municipal landfill (1)
• - Gasoline marketing

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Emission inventory
Stationary sources (results)
Critical zones of the domain
Distribution of stationary emissions
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Emission inventory
Mobile sources
AIREMIS calculates vehicular emission based
on Georreferenced street network - 2600
segments Traffic model - Car counting
campaings - Number of vehicles/hour - Average
speed The fleet composition The emission
factors - COPERTIII methodology - Local emission
factors
Traffic model Number of vehicles
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Emission inventory
Mobile sources
Local emission factors An economical and
practical methodology was applied to determine
emissions from the vehicular fleet of Bogotá city
The methodology is based on air quality and
meteorological measurements, traffic counts and
inverse application of an air quality model.
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Emission inventory
Inverse modeling
Field measuring campaign/ Variables
measured Street canyon geometry, meteorology,
traffic, pollutant concentrations, tracer
experiment
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Emission inventory
Mobile sources (results)
Estimated emission factors for the different
categories g/veh/km
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Emission inventory
Mobile sources (results)
Variations of CH4 vehicle emissions during a
common day
CO vehicle emissions over the domain
Distribution of vehicle emissions
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Natural environment
Emission inventory
Land use over the domain
It takes into account The sources - Forest
area - Low vegetation - Soils Environmental
factors - Temperature - PAR (Photosynthetical
activity radiation)
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Emission inventory
Natural environment (results)
VOCNM emissions over the domain
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Total emissions (results)
Emission inventory
Distribution of total emissions by source
Critical zones of the domain
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Design of the project
Initial conditions
Measuring campaigns
Mobile sources
Emission inventory
Stationary sources
Air quality model
Other sources
Abatement strategies
Meteorological model
Measurement campaigns
OUTPUT
INPUT
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Meteorological model
The meteorological model was run employing the
information of the measurement campaign and the
episode selection
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Design of the project
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Preliminary photochemicalmodel results
Ozone concentrations over the domain (March 6,
2002)
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Upcoming activities

• AQMS development
• - Evaluate the emission inventory
• - Run the air quality model
• - Analyse the impact of the abatement
• strategies application in the city
• Air pollution scientific seminar 2005
• Training and research on emission
• inventory/Modeling simulations

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Thank you for your attention ! Any
question, Comments, Suggestions...
Luis Carlos Belalcazar C, MSc lbelalca_at_uniandes.
edu.co Erika Zarate T, PhD student
erika.zarate_at_epfl.ch Alain Clappier, PhD
alain.clappier_at_epfl.ch Eduardo Behrentz PhD
student ebehrent_at_ucla.edu Diego Echeverry C, PhD
dechever_at_uniandes.edu.co