Toxicity and Field Testing Apparatus

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Toxicity and Field Testing Apparatus

• Part I Analysis in the Field
• Part II Toxicity Testing in the Field
• WISA Presentation 17 September 2008
• ERWAT
• Presenter Anna Loots
• Aqualytic Environmental Laboratory

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SA Bill of Rights

• 24. EnvironmentEveryone has the right-
• to an environment that is not harmful to their
  health or well-being and
• to have the environment protected, for the
  benefit of present and future generations,
  through reasonable legislative and other measures
  that-
• prevent pollution and ecological degradation
• promote conservation and
• secure ecologically sustainable development and
  use of natural resources while promoting
  justifiable economic and social development.

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Part I Analysis in the Field
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Reason for Testing

• At any given time we want to know that our water
  environment is safe.
• And if not, to something about it as soon as
  possible

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Testing Scenarios

• Using your own or your employers laboratory
• Using a contract laboratory
• On-site field testing
• Portable Systems
• Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Water
  Quality Parameters

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Testing Scenarios

• Own Laboratory
• Results available within a short time
  relatively
• Action may be taken within a short time -
  relatively

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Testing Scenarios

• Private Laboratory
• No guarantees re. transport conditions
• Results available much later
• Resulting in delays in actions to be taken

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Testing Scenarios

• On-site field Testing
• Results available in real time
• Allows for immediate remediation

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Examples of Field Systems
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DREL/2800 Complete Water Quality Laboratory
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DREL/2800 Complete Water Quality Laboratory

• DR/2800 Spectrophotometer and Examples of
  Reagents

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DREL/2800 Complete Water Quality Laboratory

• Examples of Analytical Standards

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DREL/2800 Complete Water Quality Laboratory

• Powder Pillows

• Bar-coded TestnTube

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DREL/2800 Complete Water Quality Laboratory

• 2100P Portable Turbidimeter sensION Multi-meter

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DREL/2800 Complete Water Quality Laboratory

• Example - Robust pH Electrode

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Combination pH/EC/TDS/Temperature/DO Meter

• HQ40d

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Combination pH/EC/TDS/Temperature/DO Meter

• Example of a Rugged Probe

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Micro Field Testing

• Coliform Laboratory

• P/A laboratory with Colorimeter

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Multi -Parameter Field Analysers

• pH
• ORP
• EC
• Turbidity
• Depth
• Vented Level
• Salinity

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Multi -Parameter Field Analyser
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Multi -Parameter Field Analyser
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Multi -Parameter Field Analyser

• Advanced Remote Operation
• Data-logging
• Telecommunication Technology provides access
  anywhere in the world
• Additional Parameters
• Chlorophyl A
• Blue-green Alagae
• TDG
• Rhodamine
• PAR
• Temperature
• Ion Selective Analysis

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• Part II Toxicity Testing in the Field

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Principles/Definitions of Toxicity Testing

• Toxicity tests are standard laboratory tests
  with test organism species representative of
  different trophic levels.
• chain of production to consumption
• Methods used prescribed by national and
  international organisations, such as US EPA, OECD
  and ISO.

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Principles/Definitions of Toxicity Testing

• Evaluate hazard resulting from combined impact of
  all pollutants present.Qualitative and
  quantitative comparison of indigenous fauna and
  flora in aquatic environment
• Limited to specific space and time.

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Types of Toxicity Assays

• Acute Lethality (screening) test
• EC50 (definitive) Test (Effective concentration
  of a test substance that will cause a 50
  mortality in test organism population)

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Example of a Bacterial Toxicity Screening Test
Introduction of analyte
Test organism
Exposure

• Very 50
  No light
  inhibition
• toxic -
  inhibition (EC50) Non toxic
  sample
• Reading inhibition

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Available Systems

• Bioluminescent Bacteria Test
• Test Organism Vibrio fischeri NRRL B-11177 a
  light producing marine organism.
• Toxicity is determined by measuring light
  inhibition by means of a luminometer
• Duration 2 hours from start to finish
• ISO11348-3 1998 EC50
• EN ISO 11348 Flash Test for Sediment Samples

• The ToxTrak Toxicity Test
• Pre-prepared organism in reagent sets
• Toxicity is determined colorimetrically as a
  result of the reduction of resazurin color
  change blue to pink
• Colorimetric test.
• Reagent set may be used with either a
  spectrophotometer or colorimeter.
• Duration lt 2hours
• ETV verification 1993