Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow GI from a Global Perspective

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Yesterday, Today and TomorrowGI from a Global
Perspective

• Peter Dale
• Honorary President, FIG

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Yesterday we moved

• from to
• Colonial/Soviet Independent
• Manual Skills Management Skills
• Measurement Science Information Science
• Maps and Charts Digital Products
• 2D (flat Earth) 3D (multi layers)
• Military Civilian (partially)

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19th Century Landscapes
All dictated by military requirements. Have
things changed?
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• We have new products and services.
• But almost all of them are old products sold in
  new disguises.
• Where are the new categories of data?
• Answer. In the private sector or in other
  organisations.

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Today the Cadastre lives in a 3D World
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Today we see

• A move from Design and Build to Sustain and
  Maintain
• 2. Decreasing lifespan of technology
• Less Public Sector monopoly, with more Public /
  Private Partnerships (PPP)
• A move from being Government driven and funded to
  commercialisation and a market approach

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A Business Approach is being adopted in order to

• 1 Raise money for the maintenance and expansion
  of services
• 2 Increase economic efficiency through
  accountability and cost concern
• 3 Reduce wastage (human and material)
• Manage user demands
• Charge commercial users while ensuring
  competitive neutrality
• Conform to international agreements e.g. IPR

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The Contrary View

• Topographic and Cadastral Mapping are a public
  good
• Government agencies provide services that the
  private sector could not fund
• A commercial approach can impede market
  development
• Government agencies should co-operate not compete
• Inter-agency Billing adds to overhead costs
• 6. The weak need to be protected

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GUIDELINES ON LAND ADMINISTRATION

• Were written in 1995, published 1996
• Focused on countries in economic transition
• Were about the design and building of systems
• Were about the ownership, value and use of land

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They took a Systems Approach (User rather than
Producer Driven)
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What has changed since 1996?

• Transition in many cases is complete.
• Land Administration is now a business.
• Technology Refresh is a key issue.
• There needs to be greater capacity to maintain
  and sustain systems.
• There is need for Public/Private Partnerships.
• There is need to address environmental issues.

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Global Lessons Learnt

• There is need for consistency especially between
  land administration agencies
• Joined-up Government may be jeopardised if one
  agencys business plan is in conflict with
  another
• Within Europe there is need to conform to EU
  Directives
• The bottom line is how to fund technology
  refresh

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LAND ADMINISTRATIONIN THE ECE REGIONDevelopment
Trends and Main Principles
These are reflected in the forthcoming
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Land Administrations Weakest Link
Ownership Rights
Value
Use Rights
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Ownership Rights, Use Rights and
Obligations
Citizen focus Government focus
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Tomorrows Land Administration Paradigm

• From
• Security of Tenure
• through
• Land Markets
• to
• Environmental Support

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Joined-Up Government

• At the national level, joined-up government
  uses spatial data (especially land-relate data)
  to support linkages
• - within central government
• - within local government
• - with non-governmental agencies
• - with the private business sector
• - with the general public

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NSDI and GSDI

• Some relate the moves to joined up government as
  NSDI/GSDI.
• National Spatial Data Infrastructures have been
  around for hundreds of years.
• They can support Joined-up Government
• Global Spatial Data Infrastructures started with
  the Universal Transverse Mercator.
• They support environmental management and the
  War on Terror

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Part of Swedish NSDI circa 1700
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GSDI

• It is still at the design and build stage
• It has not addressed long-term sustainability
• It is a threat to sovereignty
• It is out of the reach of poorer nations

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Somebody Elses Problem

• The problem for NSDI is sustain and maintain.
• Who should pay, keep the data up to date and
• Monitor and map land use and other environmental
  data?
• Monitor building data and map land values?
• Map ALL underground utilities and register street
  works?
• Control spatial address systems?
• Keep census data up to date?
• Etc.

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Local Land Information Managers
Street Works Registers
Rights of Way
Topographic Map Data
Local Land Information Manager
Valuation Data
Infrastructure Data
Land Use Data
Local Land Charges
Land and Property Gazetteer
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Local Authority
National Geospatial Data Agency
Local Authority
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The Bottom Line

• The cost of inaction often far exceeds
• the costs of action
• Unfortunately the cost of inaction
• is rarely quantified.

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Substantial Benefits come from

• Asset Management
• Conveyancing
• Credit Security
• Demographic Analysis
• Emergency Planning and Management
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Land Market Analysis
• Land Reform
• Physical Planning
• Site Management and Protection
• etc.

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The trend in richer countries is

• New Technology
• leads to a need for Cost Recovery, which
• leads to a Business Approach, which
• helps in meeting User Requirements, which
• leads to Greater Efficiency
• New Products Services
• which OUGHT to lead to Sustainable Systems

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But what will happen to poorer nations?
How can we have a truly global SDI ? Do we need
an Airline Model?
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The Future

• Will information be treated nationally and
  globally as a corporate resource?
• How will spatial data be kept up to date?
• Will budget systems allow more open interchange
  of data?
• Will technology be treated as a servant?
• Will we help the poor?
• Will sustainability ultimately be achieved?