Biology Project on Diversity of life

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• Biology Project on Diversity of life

Mussel
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Introduction
This project mainly introduce Mussels, one of the
most common bivalves in the world. I hope you may
get the answers of the following questions
afterwards
1)what are mussels?
2)where do they live?
3)how many kinds of mussels are
there? 4)what
do they feed on?etc
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Content
Part 1.Introduction Part 2.Content Part
3.Classification Part 4.Characteristic of
Mussels Part 5.Structure of Mussels Part 6.Place
of living and Adaptation of Mussels Part
7.Feeding Strategies and Predation of
Mussels Part 8.Uses of Mussels Part 9.Pictures of
Mussels Part 10.Reference
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Classification
Mussels are classified in PhylumMollusca
Class Bivalvia or Pelecypoda (pelecyhatchet,
poda foot) Order Mytiloida, Veneroida Family
Mytilidae Another examples Clams, oysters,
scallops and shipworms
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l          Soft body enclosed by the shell, the
two valves of which are joined by an elastic
ligament, and by two sheets of tissue called
mantle l      A strong muscular foot for
locomotion l      Commonly found in the US and
South East Asia l      Range in size,
approximately from 5-15 cm l      They have no
head 
ChaRacTerisTic
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l          They are divided into 2 groups  
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Feeding Strategies
During high tide, mussels open their valves for
food from the water. They feed by pumping water
across the gills and trapping food particles that
are then moved to the mouth. Particles that are
not acceptable for food are trapped and ejected
from the mussels .
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Where do they live?
The rocky shore can be divided into the
1.supralittoral zone 2.high-tide
zone 3.middle-tide zone 4.low-tide zone Mussels
are abundant at the middle-tide zone. It is an
area covered by all high tides and exposed during
all low tides.  
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• Mussels have two-piece shell attached to the
  rocks by a network of strong threads called
• byssal threads.
• formed by liquid secreted from the mussels' foot
  that hardens in seawater
• attached between the mussel shells and the rocks
  or, in dense mussel beds, between one shell and
  another
• Also, mussels have round shells which can best
  withstand the turbulent impact of waves.

Adaptation
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StrucTure

• l      Large muscles called adductor muscles open
  and close the two valves. When the muscles relax,
  the elasticity of the ligaments and the weight of
  the valves cause them to open.
• The foot is located ventrally
• l  Cilia on the surface of the gills provide the
  force that moves water through the mussels body,
  and the siphons direct the water flow into and
  out of the mantle cavity

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Believe it or not?!
The byssus compound has generated interest among
industrial chemists. A byssuslike commercial glue
would have applications not only in marine
industries, but also for surgical procedures and
other medical uses.
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Predation
. Mussels are fed upon by predators such as
sea stars and carnivorous snails. To get to
mussels tissue protected by a calcium carbonate
bivalve covering 1. Sea stars exert a
continuous pull on the valves by alternating the
use of tube feet, 2. The mussels are eventually
fatigued and can no longer hold the valves
closed. 3. The valves open ever so slightly, and
the sea star everts its stomach, slips it thought
the crack, and digests the mussels without having
to take it into it mouth.  
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ReproDuction
The breeding season extends throughout the year
although peaks reported in California are in July
and December. California mussels broadcast sperm
or eggs, depending on their sex, into the sea
where fertilization takes place. Sexes are
separate.
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Be Careful!!!!!

Hi Miss Wan and all of you!! DO NOT eat us
between May and October.It is because we may
filter and accumulate an extremely toxic
plankton. Consuming us during this period can
cause death and paralysis in human
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Use of Mussels
Mussels are sensitive indicators of pollution
change.
Mussels filters the bacteria from the sea water.
Mussels have medical value that can heal
arthritic patients.
Mussels can be eaten as yummy seafood cuisine.
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Mussel's Album
Typical of tidepools along the West Coast of
North America,with many bivalves along.
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The California Coastline are covered with Blue
mussels.
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This bivalves shell is shut tight against
unwanted intrusion.
A dense bed of California mussels.
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ReFeRence
1.      OCEAN, by Miranda Macquitty, publisher
Eyewitness Guides 2.      INTRODUCTION TO OCEAN
SCIENCES, by Douglas A. Segar, publisher
Wadsworth 3.      INTORDUCTORY OCEANOGRAPHY, by
Harold V. Thurman, publisher Macmillan 4.     
OCEAN LIFE IN THE DEEP, by Beverly McMillian and
John A. Musick Publisher MetroBooks     5.
INTORDUCTION TO MARINE BIOLOGY, byKarleskint,
publisher Harourt Brace