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Notes on The Medieval Period

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Title: Notes on The Medieval Period


1
Notes onThe Medieval Period Canterbury Tales
2
The Medieval Period (1066 1485)
  • The Anglo-Saxon period is typically considered to
    have ended in 1066, with the Norman invasion.
    William the Conqueror was crowned king of England
    after the Battle of Hastings.
  • With the invasion of Normans (Vikings who settled
    in the area France known as Normandy), came an
    introduction of French ways into the formerly
    Anglo-Saxon society.

3
Feudalism
  • A political and economic system in which the
    hierarchy of power is based on the premise that
    the king owns all the land in the kingdom.
  • Image on next slide taken from webquest
  • http//capweb.capital.k12.de.us/pub/dhs/dbeck/aweb
    feudal1.htm

4
(No Transcript)
5
Rulers of the Medieval Period
  • Henry II instituted royal courts throughout the
    country, established system of juries and formed
    English common law.
  • His wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine (former French
    queen) brought from France the code of chivalry
  • Code of Chivalry ethics governing knightly
    behavior. Encouraged knights to honor and
    protect ladies and go on holy quests, like the
    Crusades (military expedition that European
    Christians used to wrest the holy city of
    Jerusalem from Muslim control).

6
  • Richard I a.k.a Richard the Lion-Hearted
  • - spent most of his 10 year reign fighting in
    the Crusades
  • While gone, his brother John (the villain of the
    Robin Hood tales) plotted against him.
  • When Richard died and John became king, he
    discovered that the royal treasury had been
    bankrupted by overseas warfare.
  • In 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta, which
    limited royal authority by giving more power to
    the barons.

7
  • Henry III - under him, parliament was officially
    established from the group of barons who served
    as an advisory council to the king, per the Magna
    Carta
  • Edward I, the next king, included commoners in
    the parliament (House of Commons) as well as
    barons (House of Lords), and the British
    Parliament became a representative body of the
    people of the country.

8
Trivial Pursuit of Medieval Times
  • As a result of the Crusades, a money economy
    developed. Thus, the government established a
    _____ system to finance society.
  • Answer TAX
  • 2. Merchants and craftspeople formed guilds to
    help control the flow and price of goods. Today,
    guilds are more commonly known as _____.
  • Answer UNIONS
  • 3. As a result of the growth of towns on lords
    lands, _____ as a way of governing declined.
  • Answer FEUDELISM
  • 4. The downside to the formation of towns was the
    onslaught of widespread diseases, called ______.
  • Answer PLAGUES
  • 5. With the advancement of society came the
    desire for more education. Thus, __________
    (pl.) were formed for higher studies.
  • Answer UNIVERSITIES

9
Who were the characters in Canterbury Tales?
They were travelers making a religious road trip
called a
Pilgrimage- a religious journey undertaken for
penance and grace. Pilgrims traveled to visit
the remains of Saint Thomas Becket, archbishop of
Canterbury, who was murdered in 1170 by knights
of King Henry II. Soon after his death, he
became the most popular saint in England. The
pilgrimage in The Canterbury Tales is not only
solemn, but offers the travelers a vacation.
10
Importance of Social Class in Medieval Society
  • The pilgrims represent a diverse cross section of
    14th century English society.
  • Medieval society was divided into three broad
    classes called estates the military, the
    clergy, and the laity.
  • In the portraits in the Prologue, the Knight and
    Squire represent the military estate. The clergy
    is represented by the Prioress (and her nun and
    three priests), the Monk, the Friar, and the
    Parson. The other characters, from the wealthy
    Franklin to the poor Plowman, are the members of
    the laity.

11
Romance
  • Romance - a style of heroic prose and verse
    narrative written in Europe from the Middle Ages
    to the Renaissance.
  • The term originally distinguished popular
    material from scholarly and religious literature.
  • Romance deals with traditional themes the
    adventures of a chivalrous, heroic knight, who,
    abiding chivalry's strict codes of honour and
    demeanour, fights and defeats monsters and
    giants, thereby winning favour with a beautiful
    princess.
  • In later romances, particularly those of French
    origin, there is a tendency to emphasize themes
    of courtly love.
  • Romance may or may not be realistic depending on
    the story and its events.

12
Fabliau
  • fabliau short, humorous, suggestive poems whose
    themes deal with domestic comedy full of sexual
    innuendo of the merchant and middle classes.
  • They have local settings and almost inevitably
    involve a lovers' triangle, trickery designed to
    gain favors from a desired woman most likely
    married or otherwise unavailable (one of the
    cloth or one too young etc.), and / or trickery
    designed to delude an aging or otherwise
    undesirable husband to clear the way for a lover.
  • Popular as elements of poetry in France of the
    12th and 13th centuries and first appeared in
    English about 100 years later.

13
About the author and his times
  • For Homework tonight learn about Geoffrey
    Chaucer!
  • Read pages 107-110 online (www.classzone.com/eserv
    ices) and answer the 8 questions on the handout

http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_age
s_english.shtml
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